China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Paper 1
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
Baker’s cysts are associated with osteoarthritis of the knee and extend from the joint space, often with a beaked appearance, between the medial head of gastrocnemius and the semimembranosus tendon. They can present as a mass or with pain. A ruptured Baker’s cyst can cause acute presentations, and ruptured popliteal aneurysms and deep vein thrombosis would be the main differentials.
Soft Tissue Surgery of the Knee
Published in Timothy W R Briggs, Jonathan Miles, William Aston, Heledd Havard, Daud TS Chou, Operative Orthopaedics, 2020
Stephen Key, Jonathan Miles, Richard Carrington
Knee arthroscopy is used as a diagnostic and interventional tool in a wide variety of conditions. Because of advances in other imaging modalities, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is becoming less common for arthroscopy to be used for diagnosis alone. The frequent indications include: Meniscal tearsCruciate ligament injuryChondral defectsRemoval of loose bodiesWashout of sepsisSynovectomy, including cases of pigmented villonodular synovitisPatella realignment proceduresIntra-articular knee fracture assessment and reduction
Fiber Enhancement
Published in Z. Yang, Finite Element Analysis for Biomedical Engineering Applications, 2019
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) plays a crucial role in the knee. It prevents the anterior tibial translation and bears about 90% of the anteriorly directed load applied to the tibia between the 30 degrees and 90 degrees of flexion. The ACL is the most injured ligament of the human body (Figure 9.14) [11,12], considering that it has been estimated that there are almost 100,000 cases in the United States every year [13]. A sound knowledge of stress and strain distributions within the ACL is indispensable for understanding the causes of ACL injuries, the consequences, and the ways to prevent such injuries from occurring. Finite element models can provide profound insights into the mechanical characteristics of the ACL, which are very difficult or even impossible to assess by experimentation. Many full three-dimensional (3D) finite element models of the ACL have been developed [14–19]. In this section, a 3D ACL with anisotropic material model was built in ANSYS190.
Use of Kinesio® taping and manual lymphatic drainage to manage traumatic edema and ecchymosis post arthroscopic meniscectomy in a recreational weightlifter: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Kyle W. Feldman, Adam Wielechowski, Kate Divine
The patient presented to PT with severe edema and ecchymosis (Figure 2). The initial differential diagnoses related to edema included a DVT, arterial insufficiency, retearing of the meniscus, intra-articular swelling/traumatic edema due to surgery, lymphedema and venous or arterial insufficiency. Potential differential diagnoses regarding knee pain included intra-articular swelling/traumatic edema due to surgery, re-tearing of meniscus or Baker’s cyst recurrence. Due to his past medical history and age, the likelihood of venous insufficiency and lymphedema were less probable (Armer and Stewart, 2005; Zuther, Armer, and Norton, 2018). A DVT was also unlikely as previous diagnostic ultrasound was negative. The patient had a second follow-up with the surgeon before the PT evaluation, at which time further testing was deemed unnecessary and the patient was referred to physical therapy. Based on the aforementioned information, the physical therapist felt it was safe to continue with examination.
Effect of knee braces and insoles on clinical outcomes of individuals with medial knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Assistive Technology, 2022
Mobina Khosravi, Taher Babaee, Aliyeh Daryabor, Maryam Jalali
Knee osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease that is increasing due to aging in populations (Felson et al., 1995). Loading on the medial compartment of the knee joint is 2.5 times greater than the lateral compartment that can increase the incidence of medial compartment osteoarthritis. Decreased quality of life (Lewinson et al., 2016), physical function impairment (Hjartarson & Toksvig-Larsen, 2018) and pain (Thoumie et al., 2018) are some of the its complications. The non-surgical treatments are often the first choice with the aims of preventing its progression and improving function and pain (Zhang et al., 2008). Different non-surgical treatments have been recommended by the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI), including medications, self-care education, exercises, physical therapy, weight loss, lifestyle modification, and conservative interventions such as knee braces and lateral wedged insoles (Bannuru et al., 2019).
Bilateral peroneal nerve palsy secondary to prolonged sitting in an adolescent patient
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2022
Şükran Güzel, Selin Ozen, Sacide Nur Coşar
External nerve compression is the most common mechanism of peroneal palsy reported in children [1,6]. In one case series, 10 of 17 cases were related to external nerve compression due to casting, traction, taping and strapping. All but one of these cases were unilateral [4]. Positional habitudes can also cause PNP, including sitting cross legged, squatting and lying [7]. Simultaneous compression by a bed or chair, as in this case, may cause bilateral nerve palsies. Likewise, the slim body habitus of the patient may have been a predisposing factor for the development of PNP [2]. Peroneal palsies arising from trauma or nerve entrapment are less common in childhood; bony exostoses, hemangiomas, synovial cysts and intraneural ganglion cysts may cause nerve entrapment [8,9]. An intraneural ganglion cyst is a rare disease of adulthood, and is even rarer in children. Typically, neural cysts present with symptoms of knee or proximal leg pain. A history of knee trauma and examination findings of a palpable mass in the lateral aspect of the knee are common. Tinel’s sign may be elicited in the same region [10]. In the present case, as there was bilateral peroneal nerve involvement, no history of trauma, no palpable mass in the lower extremity, nor tenderness, and a negative Tinel’s test, a differential diagnosis of inraneural ganglion cyst was excluded. As a result, no further imaging was deemed necessary to rule out a diagnosis of an intraneural ganglion cyst.