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Radionuclide Bone Scintigraphy
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Kanhaiyalal Agrawal, Gopinath Gnanasegaran
In Paget’s disease, abnormal bone remodelling is seen. A bone scan is useful for confirming the diagnosis, and assessing the disease extent. However, most often, it is seen incidentally on a bone scan performed due to other causes. The typical scintigraphic pattern is intense florid tracer uptake in the involved bones with a blooming uptake appearance (Figure 11.16).
Bio-Implants Derived from Biocompatible and Biodegradable Biopolymeric Materials
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
The human skeleton consists of separate and fused bones supported and supplemented by ligaments, tendons, muscles, and cartilage. Bones gets arterial blood supply, venous drainage, and nerves. There is a tough fibrous layer with which particular surfaces of bones are covered. The human skeleton is changing always, it changes composition throughout lifespan. In the early stages, a fetus does not have any hard skeleton; bones are formed gradually during nine months in the womb. By birth, all bones are formed but a newborn baby has more bones than an adult. An adult human has 206 bones. A baby is born with around 300 bones. The bones do not have pockets or space left to grow further. The strength of the bones are not the same in all direction, it shows an isotropicity. Bones are not strong and stiff if stressed from side to side.
The cell and tissues
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
This is the commonest type of tissue, found throughout the body, and is intimately connected to the other tissue types. Whereas the other three types of tissue are mainly composed of cells, connective tissue is made up of significant quantities of non-cellular material. It forms the basal membrane that supports epithelial tissue. All blood vessels have an outer support layer of connective tissue that is predominantly made up of filamentous proteins. Ligaments and tendons are structured to provide support for joints and attachment for muscles. Bones provide support for muscles and protection for the more delicate organs.
The Swedish national guidelines on prostate cancer, part 2: recurrent, metastatic and castration resistant disease
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2022
Ola Bratt, Stefan Carlsson, Per Fransson, Jon Kindblom, Johan Stranne, Camilla Thellenberg Karlsson
Modern treatment of metastatic prostate cancer includes combining the castration therapy with some other systemic treatment. Evaluating the effect of the additional primary systemic treatment is essential for the subsequent management of the patient, both for the timing of the change to the next line of systemic treatment and for and the choice of the type of the next treatment. If there is no imaging between the initial, pre-treatment assessment and when PSA later starts to rise, it is often not possible to know whether there has been any radiological progression over the past few months. The Swedish guidelines therefore recommend a CT scan and a bone scan after 6 months of continuous additional systemic treatment, alternatively a few weeks after completing additional docetaxel treatment. In addition to routine clinical follow-up, a bone mineral density assessment is recommended as described in detail below.
HR-pQCT in vivo imaging of periarticular bone changes in chronic inflammatory diseases: Data from acquisition to impact on treatment indications
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2021
Camille P. Figueiredo, Mariana O. Perez, Lucas Peixoto Sales, Georg Schett, Rosa M. R. Pereira
Imaging is a crucial technology to evaluate bone. Several different techniques have been developed to assess bone in vivo that differ in methodology (being based on X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound), assessable dimensions (producing either two- or three-dimensional [3D] images), spatial resolution, radiation exposure, acquisition time, parameters assessed, region of interest (ROI) analyzed, accuracy, precision, cost, availability and ability in predicting clinical outcomes [1,2]. One of the most exciting advances to assess bone microarchitecture over the past 10 years has been the introduction of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), an innovative and advanced imaging technology available since 2004 [3] which has been used to study bone micro-architecture in humans in vivo [4–8].
The influence of androgen deprivation therapy on hip geometric properties and bone mineral density in Japanese men with prostate cancer and its relationship with the visceral fat accumulation
Published in The Aging Male, 2020
Daisuke Watanabe, Takahiro Kimura, Akemi Yamashita, Tadaaki Minowa, Kunihisa Miura, Akio Mizushima
Osteoporosis is defined as the state in which the risk of fracture is high due to the deterioration of bone strength. It is believed that along with bone density, bone quality also plays an important role as a factor in measuring bone strength [16,17]. Bone quality is broadly classified into two components: structural properties and material properties [16]. Structural properties are broken down into geometry and microarchitecture [16]. Advanced hip assessment (AHA) is a method of calculating indicators of bone strength by conducting geometric measurement and biomechanical analysis using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) [18]. As with femoral neck BMD, geometric parameters measured by using AHA are considered useful indicators that could potentially be used to predict the risk of hip fractures [19–21]. In addition, there is substantial established evidence supporting the usefulness of AHA in the analysis of the bone pathophysiology and anti-osteoporosis drug efficacy [22–25]. The influence of ADT on BMD in Japanese patients with prostate cancer has been examined [17,26,27]; however, there have been no studies on the influence of ADT on hip geometric properties as evaluated by DXA with AHA, not only in Japan, in other countries as well.