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Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
Semimembranosus is one of the three hamstring muscles (Standring 2016). It originates via a tendon from the ischial tuberosity (Standring 2016). Some fibers blend with biceps femoris and semitendinosus (Standring 2016). Its insertion tendon is divided into five parts (Standring 2016). The main part inserts onto a tubercle on the medial condyle of the tibia (Standring 2016). The other parts of the insertion go to the medial border of the tibia, the posterior side of the medial tibial condyle, the fascia over popliteus, the femoral intercondylar line, and lateral femoral condyle (Standring 2016).
Examination of Knee Joint in a Child
Published in Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Clinical Orthopedic Examination of a Child, 2021
There are several bursae around the knee (Figure 10.4). The semimembranosus bursa lies between the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle and the knee joint capsule. The overlying gastrocnemius and semimembranosus muscle may compress the communication of this bursa to the joint resulting in a one-way valve mechanism. The resulting enlargement of this bursa in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis presents as a lump in the popliteal region (Baker’s cyst), which cannot be pushed into the joint. The suprapatellar bursa lies beneath the deep surface of the quadriceps muscle and the anterior surface of the lower femur. It may extend up to approximately 5 cm or more above the upper margin of the patella with the knee in extension. It has communication with the knee joint. The prepatellar bursa (sometimes called housemaid’s knee bursa) covers the anterior surface of the lower patella and upper patellar tendon. The infrapatellar bursa is present between the skin and the lower part of the tibial tuberosity. The bursa may get enlarged and inflamed in children who keep their knees flexed and have predominant floor-sitting. The pes anserine (also known as subsartorial) bursa is present on the medial aspect of the tibial tubercle beneath the tendinous insertion of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus.
A to Z Entries
Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
The posterior femoral muscles, also known as the hamstrings, cross the back of both the knee and the hip. Biceps femoris extends the hip and flexes and externally rotates the knee. Semitendinosus also extends the hip and flexes the knee. Additionally, it contributes to internal rotation at the knee. Semimembranosus extends the hip and flexes and internally rotates the knee.
A statistical shape model of the tibia-fibula complex: sexual dimorphism and effects of age on reconstruction accuracy from anatomical landmarks
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Olivia L. Bruce, Michael Baggaley, Lauren Welte, Michael J. Rainbow, W. Brent Edwards
In the young adult group, the reconstruction method changed the maximum difference in moment arms, relative to the CT-based bones, of the semimembranosus, and the long and short head of biceps femoris (χ2 ≥ 14.244, p ≤ 0.001, Supplementary Figure S1); no differences in moment arms for other muscles originating from or inserting on the tibia-fibular complex were observed. SSM reconstructions had smaller differences in moment arms than isometric scaling for the biceps femoris long head (median (IQR): nine landmarks = 2.36 (1.90) mm, fourteen landmarks = 2.45 (2.08) mm, isometric scaling = 3.65 (2.90) mm, p < 0.001) and short head (median (IQR): nine landmarks = 3.01 (2.06) mm, fourteen landmarks = 2.74 (2.34) mm, isometric scaling = 3.99 (3.14) mm, p ≤ 0.001). Differences for semimembranosus were smaller in reconstructions from fourteen landmarks (2.61 (1.46) mm) when compared to nine landmarks (3.09 (2.24) mm) and isometric scaling (3.47 (2.65) mm, p < 0.001). Moment arm differences in the older adults were larger than for the younger adults (4.76 − 8.33 mm vs 2.36 − 3.99 mm, respectively). No differences in muscle moment arms between reconstruction methods were observed for the older adults.
Skin damage in a patient with lipid storage myopathy with a novel ETFDH mutation responsive to riboflavin
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2020
Hongliang Xu, Xin Chen, Yajun Lian, Shuya Wang, Tuo Ji, Lu Zhang, Shuang Li
MRI showed mild to moderate signal increase in the semitendinosus and semimembranosus, which indicated edema in the two affected muscles. Muscle edema is characterized by an increase in free water, which can occur from a wide variety of causes [19]. The detailed mechanism of muscle edema in MADD patients was still unknown [20]. Considering that the lipid metabolic disorder of MADD happened at mitochondria, cytotoxic edema caused by dysfunction of Na-K-ATPase pump which related to the deficiency of energy production because of the metabolic disturbance of lipid in mitochondria, may play a role in it [20]. As the high signal in affected muscles disappeared 2 months later, dynamic change of edema might be potentially considered as a biomarker for treatment response [20]. Thigh muscles except for semitendinosus and semimembranosus were relatively not affected. The difference might be associated with mechanical stress of different intensity they subjected to [21].
Flexibility, strength, and fascicle length of football players with and without history of hamstring strain injury in the prior season
Published in Science and Medicine in Football, 2020
Felipe Xavier de Lima-E-Silva, Gabriel Santos Oliveira, Thales Menezes Medeiros, Maurício Pinto Dornelles, João Breno Araujo Ribeiro-Alvares, Bruno Manfredini Baroni
Participants in the injured group had sustained unilateral HSI in the prior season. HSI was defined as a sudden pain in the posterior thigh that prevented the player from continuing the activity and took him out of subsequent practices and/or matches. Injuries were screened through the participants’ report and club medical records. All injuries were diagnosed by the club clinician, confirmed by imaging examination, and caused time-loss from the sport. The affected limb (right or left), the injured muscle (biceps femoris, semitendinosus or semimembranosus), the location of injury (proximal or distal, muscle belly or muscle-tendon junction), the grade of injury, and the time-loss due to injury were not differentiated in the analysis. Participants in the control group had no history of HSI or any other severe injury (i.e., absence >1 month) in the prior season.