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Anatomy of the Pelvis
Published in Gowri Dorairajan, Management of Normal and High Risk Labour During Childbirth, 2022
Sacrotuberous ligament is a flat band of immense strength; it blends with the posterior sacroiliac ligament and attaches to the posterior border of the ilium, posterior superior and inferior spines and to the transverse tubercles of the sacrum below the auricular surface and upper part of the coccyx. From this extensive attachment, the ligament extends to the medial surface of the ischial tuberosity. A forward prolongation from the ischial attachment of this ligament attaches to a curved bony ridge termed as “falciform process”. This ligament is considered to be a remnant or degenerated tendon of the long head of the biceps femoris. It provides attachment to the gluteus maximus on the posterior surface. It is pierced by perforating cutaneous nerves and branches of inferior gluteal vessels and coccygeal nerves.
Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
Adductor magnus originates from the inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and the ischial tuberosity (Standring 2016). The fibers that originate from the pubic ramus insert onto the gluteal tuberosity of the femur (Standring 2016). The fibers that originate from the ischial ramus have an aponeurotic insertion onto the linea aspera and medial supracondylar line (Standring 2016). The fibers that originate from the ischial tuberosity insert via a tendon onto the adductor tubercle on the medial condyle of the femur (Standring 2016).
Examination of Hip Joint in a Child
Published in Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Clinical Orthopedic Examination of a Child, 2021
Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Reet Mukopadhya, Karthick Rangasamy, Ramesh Kumar Sen
The patient lies lateral decubitus on the normal side, and the affected limb is moderately flexed at the hip and knee. A line is drawn from the ASIS to the sharpest bony point marked on the ischial tuberosity. Normally, the tip of the trochanter is at the level of this line; in proximal migration, it is above this line (Figure 9.24).
Movement posture and injury pattern of pelvis-lumbar spine of seated human impacted by the vertical high loads: a finite element analysis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Yongbo Jiang, Xun Xiong, Zihao Chen, Ying Li
The reason for this discrepancy is that in the last two crash cases, the hip muscle compressions (defined as the vertical displacement of the base of hip muscle minus that of ischium) did not reach its maximum before the seat achieves its peak velocity, but the opposite is true for the first two cases (see Figure 6(c)). Therefore, it is unreasonable to use only the peak of impact velocity to describe the severity of P-LS damage. Moreover, it’s clear that the time of peak of ischium force corresponds to the time of maximum compression of hip muscle, in other words, the time of peak of ischium force is determined by the compression of hip muscle. Fractures of S1, L5 vertebrae or ischial tuberosity followed when the compression of the hip muscles reached its maximum. Figures 6(d) depicts the Spine compression vs. Time under different impact cases. It can be seen that the time of L5 vertebral or S1 fractures corresponds to the time of maximum compression of lumbar spine, that is, the time of P-LS fractures is controlled by the compression of lumbar spine.
Dry needling for the treatment of muscle spasticity in a patient with multiple sclerosis: a case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Maede Khalifeloo, Soofia Naghdi, Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari, Jan Dommerholt, Mohammad Ali Sahraian
An experienced physiotherapist delivered DN using disposable sterilized steel needles (0.3 × 50 mm; DongBang AcuPrime Ltd, Korea). The patient was positioned in prone. The hips and knees were in extension, and the head was in the mid-position. The long head of the biceps femoris and the semitendinosus muscles were needled. The approximate point needled for the long head of biceps is the point in the middle of the line between the ischial tuberosity and the apex of the fibular head. The midpoint of the line between the ischial tuberosity and the medial epicondyle of the tibia is considered to be the approximate location of the motor point of the semitendinosus muscle (Alaei et al., 2020; Ansari et al., 2020). One minute of deep DN with the fast in-out cone-shaped pattern (Alaei et al., 2020; Ansari et al., 2020, 2015; Fakhari et al., 2017) was administered to each point. One session of dry needling was applied (Ansari et al., 2015; Fakhari et al., 2017).
Influence of hip and knee positions on gluteus maximus and hamstrings contributions to hip extension torque production
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Jia Liu, Hsiang-Ling Teng, David M. Selkowitz, Skulpan Asavasopon, Christopher M. Powers
A limitation associated with hip extensor testing is that it is difficult to assess the strength of the individual muscles that provide hip extensor torque, namely the gluteus maximus and hamstrings. Understanding the relative torque contributions of the muscles that extend the hip is important as these muscles also contribute to motions in the frontal and transverse planes. For example, apart from being a hip extensor, the gluteus maximus contributes to motions thought to be protective against various lower extremity injuries (i.e. hip abduction and external rotation) (Powers, 2010). In contrast, the hamstrings contribute to a motion thought to contribute to lower extremity injuries (i.e. hip adduction) owing to the fact that their origin (ischial tuberosity) is medial to the hip joint center (Powers, 2010).