China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
A Lifestyle Medicine Approach to Breast Cancer
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Amber Orman, Dianne L. Johnson, Amy Comander, Nigel Brockton, Meghana Reddy, Gautam Krishna Koipallil
For cancer prevention, the WCRF/AICR and the American Cancer Society (ACS) recommend getting at least 150 minutes of moderate, or 75 minutes of vigorous (if possible) physical activity per week supplemented with muscle training and flexibility exercises. The ACS adds that any activity over and above usual activities of daily living is beneficial, and therefore any increase in physical activity should be encouraged. It is especially important to avoid long periods of sitting.64
Functional Rehabilitation
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
Ergonomics is the practice of adapting the environment, particularly at work, to improve posture and reduce repetitive stress and strain. Ergonomical intervention for an office worker might be to move a monitor above the eye-line to encourage upright posture, provide back support to maintain the arch in the lower back whilst sitting, wrist supports for laptops and so on. Whilst ergonomic chairs are popular, a more effective way to reduce postural stress might be to switch to a ‘swiss-ball’. Sitting on a mobile ball encourages movement and activates core muscles.
Physical inactivity and health
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
They do not give further details but an expert statement, commissioned by Public Health England, advises office-based employers and employees to reduce sitting during the working day (Buckley et al., 2015). It recommends during each working day long periods of time spent sitting should be broken up with regular periods of standingall desk-based employees should start to replace sitting with two hours of standing time and light activity, building up to a total of four hours during the working dayworkplaces should incorporate opportunities for employees to discuss areas of lifestyle behaviour (stress management, smoking cessation, physical activity, diet, alcohol) as regular activitiesemployees should provide opportunities for the use of adaptable desks where the employee has the choice between sitting or standing during the working day
Designing and usability testing of a new prototype active footrest for knee extension exercise among office workers
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Mostafa Mohammadian, Alireza Choobineh, Mohsen Razeghi, Naser Hashemi Nejad, M. R. Karamooz-Ravari, Morteza Sheykhshoaei, Reza Kazemi, Hadi Daneshmandi
For a design to be usable by obese office workers, light exercise should be considered so that it exerts the minimum load to the user and minimizes the user’s weight load on the joints. Such a design can be used by obese people, which reduces joint damage. Previous studies have suggested that sitting exercises are preferred because only a specified and controlled external force is loaded on the joints [37]. Furthermore, compared to cycling exercises, knee extension exercises that require lower cardiopulmonary involvement are likely to moderate muscle sympathetic outflow [36] not only in healthy people but also in people with cardiorespiratory limitations such as obesity [36,43]. Thus, following the literature, the sitting knee extension exercise that fitted the objectives of the study was selected as the mechanism of action in designing and prototyping the active footrest.
Chronic musculoskeletal pain and occupational aspects among Brazilian teachers
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Flávia Lopes Gabani, Arthur Eumann Mesas, Mayara Cristina da Silva Santos, Alberto Durán González, Selma Maffei de Andrade
The working conditions of teachers regarding the demands imposed by the educational system need to be reviewed to reduce physical and emotional tensions [32] and to promote the well-being of teachers by reducing the occurrence of pain and increasing the quality of the teaching–learning process. Policies to reduce the number of students in the classroom may help reduce the prevalence of pain, especially in the upper limbs [15]. Schools also need to improve the accessibility of the physical structure, and furniture and equipment must meet the ergonomic needs of teachers, with emphasis on the proper positioning of chalkboards to prevent repetitive strain injuries [24]. In addition, it is important to provide conditions for performing activities in a sitting position with comfortable and adjustable chairs to thereby prevent overuse of the lower limbs caused by long periods of standing. Investments in occupational health in schools, including physical education professionals and/or physiotherapists trained in relaxation techniques, stretching and muscle strengthening [28,33], are also relevant.
Effects of adjustments to wheelchair seat to back support angle on head, neck, and shoulder postures in subjects with cerebral palsy
Published in Assistive Technology, 2021
Afnan M. Alkhateeb, Noha S. Daher, Bonnie J. Forrester, Bradford D. Martin, Hatem M. Jaber
Through recent years, adaptive seating has been studied as an assistive postural device to help individuals with neuromotor impairments who have difficulty maintaining posture against gravity (Fife et al., 1991). Adaptive seating helps individuals with mobility impairments to improve their postural control, which is the ability to control the body’s position in space to secure stability and orientation while sitting (Chung et al., 2008). Dicianno et al. (2009) reported that while the pelvis is supported in sitting, the thigh to trunk angle must be opened to at least 110° to maintain balanced spinal curvatures (Dicianno et al., 2009). In general, sitting with as much contact as possible with the chair surface improves sitting posture and functional stability (Neville, 2005). Typically, people with moderate to severe CP have full contact back support that reaches to the top of the thoracic spine. This full-contact back support is used for attachment of the anterior and lateral trunk supports, as well as headrests, and exerts a positive effect on the posture of the thoracic spine, which in turn affects the posture of the head, neck, and shoulder.