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Metabolic Bone Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
In metabolic bone disease, the findings of the history and examination vary according to the metabolic bone disease in question (detailed individually in the following pages). In general, people with chronic diseases such as osteomalacia or osteoporosis present with features specific to the musculoskeletal system such as bone pain and deformity (Table 5.1). In contrast, people with disorders of short duration, such as hypercalcaemia of malignancy, tend to present with an acute disturbance in calcium metabolism (Table 5.2 and Table 5.3). Family history may reveal details of rare familial metabolic bone diseases as well.
Musculoskeletal assessment
Published in R. C. Richard Davison, Paul M. Smith, James Hopker, Michael J. Price, Florentina Hettinga, Garry Tew, Lindsay Bottoms, Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume II – Exercise and Clinical Testing, 2022
Assessment of the musculoskeletal system by means of clinical examination is a central tenet for diagnosing conditions, disorders and injury. Accumulation and interpretation of relevant information facilitates identification of the characteristics and stage of injury or disease, the need for further investigation, cost-effective treatment guidance and outcome assessment. Identifying sources of pain by means of physical testing and reproducible symptoms offers immediate feedback and reassurance of diagnosis to both the sufferer and skilled practitioner.
Examination of the musculoskeletal system
Published in Tracy Lapworth, Deborah Cook, Clinical Assessment, 2022
The musculoskeletal system is made up of bones, muscles, joints, ligaments and tendons, and together they give the body its shape and structure. This system protects the internal organs and provides the storage sites for minerals, and the bone marrow produces blood cells.
Robotic navigation during spine surgery: an update of literature
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Qi Zhang, Xiao-Guang Han, Ming-Xing Fan, Jing-Wei Zhao, Zhao Lang, Ji-Le Jiang, Da He, Bo Liu, Wei Tian
The musculoskeletal system is the most important and complex motor system in the body, with complex three-dimensional anatomy adjacent to important neurovascular tissues. Orthopedic surgical robots fulfill the concept and technical means of precision surgery. Combined with the latest biomedical engineering technology, orthopedic surgical robots achieve precise surgical operations with less damage through accurate, safe, and stable operations [1]. These robots may help reduce the challenges of low accuracy and high complication rates caused by the restricted vision and unstable movements of surgeons in orthopedic surgery [2]. Surgical robots have improved the effectiveness of orthopedic disease treatment and have become one of the most vital research directions in the development of orthopedics [3].
Gender differences, ergonomics risks and upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain in hairdressers
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Sabriye Ercan, Tuba İnce Parpucu, Zeliha Başkurt, Ferdi Başkurt
In this study, in addition to determining the prevalence rates, musculoskeletal system-specific survey results were also examined. Accordingly, the average quick-DASH score of the hairdressers was calculated as 10.75 ± 10.70. The quick DASH-work modulated score, through which the effect of felt pain on professional practices was evaluated, was found to be 6.85 ± 10.24. While the quick-DASH score was high enough to constitute a difference in women, occupational affection levels were found to be similar for both genders. In the literature, the results of the surveys of individuals were presented in various studies. For example, male hairdressers with an average age of 30.72 years had a DASH score of 17.55 and a neck pain disability index (NPDI) score of 18.017 [21]. In a different study where only female hairdressers were evaluated, 34.5% mild disability, 31.5% moderate, 21.5% severe and 12.5% complete disability were determined as a result of the neck disability index. According to the results of the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), it was found that 37% of female hairdressers experienced serious shoulder symptoms [22]. In the study in which postural discomfort was examined using the Corlett and Bishop scale, the shoulder score was 4.55, the wrist score was 4.15, the waist score was 4 and the other body parts were between 1.9 and 3.75 points [18]. It was observed that the results of the musculoskeletal system-specific surveys used in the present study gave results consistent with the prevalence rates of musculoskeletal complaints.
The relationship between individual, physical and psychosocial risk factors with musculoskeletal disorders and related disabilities in flight security personnel
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Mohsen Sadeghi Yarandi, Mohammad Ghasemi, Ali Ghanjal
The findings of the present study revealed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and disabilities were high in the flight security team and the parameters of lifestyle, occupational stress and mental workload are among the leading risk factors for the prevalence of the WRMSDs and related disabilities. Therefore, taking corrective measures through controlling individual, physical and psychosocial risk factors such as continuous monitoring of the musculoskeletal system status of personnel to identify and implement suitable rehabilitation programs, redesigning workstations according to ergonomic principles, performing regular exercise to reduce BMI and maintain health, providing a rest schedule during working time, performing training programs and psychology workshops to manage stress and reduce workload, and providing a proper nutrition plan for personnel are necessary to reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders.