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Atlas Fracture
Published in Kelechi Eseonu, Nicolas Beresford-Cleary, Spine Surgery Vivas for the FRCS (Tr & Orth), 2022
Kelechi Eseonu, Nicolas Beresford-Cleary
To fully assess the integrity of the ligament, I would obtain an MRI scan. Type 3a injuries, according to the Geweiler classification, are those with an intact transverse ligament, are inherently stable, and can be managed with a cervical orthosis. However, if the ligament is ruptured this may confer instability and as such may require stabilisation.
The Future Is Not What It Used to Be
Published in Tom Lawry, Hacking Healthcare, 2022
Bioprinting (also known as 3D bioprinting) combines 3D printing with biomaterials to replicate parts that imitate natural tissues, bones, and blood vessels in the body. It is mainly used today in connection with drug research. It also has been used recently to create “cell scaffolds” to help repair damaged ligaments and joints.
Functional Anatomy
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
Joint capsules are frequently reinforced by strong ligaments. Ligaments attach from bone to bone, providing static stability and preventing excessive motion at a joint. Ligaments are comprised primarily of collagen, a substance with great tensile strength (i.e. resisting tension or pull). They are characterized by poor blood supply, which means they take a long time to heal compared to muscle. Ligaments are imbedded with a large number of sensory nerve endings, providing a rich source of sensory feedback regarding the position and motion of a joint.
A comparison of intervertebral ligament properties utilized in a thoracic spine functional unit through kinematic evaluation
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Michael Polanco, Stacie Ringleb, Michel Audette, Rumit Kakar, Sebastian Bawab
Ligaments are fibrous bands of tissue that bind vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs together within a spinal column, restricting motion along the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. The understanding of load distribution throughout the spinal column can assist clinicians in planning for treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Surgical procedures such as the Ponte osteotomy (Samdani et al. 2015), involving the removal and re-sectioning of ligaments and facet joints, have gained interest in their ability to offer increased spinal column correction for kyphosis and scoliosis. Finite Element (FE) modeling can be utilized to answer clinical questions that cannot be easily answered from in vitro experimentation or clinical practice. A model’s ability to assist in surgical planning is contingent upon accurate characterization of ligaments and their benchmark with experimental data.
Biomechanical effect of C5-C6 intervertebral disc degeneration on the human lower cervical spine (C3-C7): a finite element study
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Waseem Ur Rahman, Wei Jiang, Fulin Zhao, Zhijun Li, Guohua Wang, Guanghui Yang
The IVD have been modeled using HyperMesh. The IVD is comprised of the annulus approximately (56%), the nucleus pulposus approximately (44%) (Suarez-Escobar and Rendon-Velez 2018). In addition, the annulus consists of a ground material reinforced by annulus fibers that are oriented at an inclination of ±25° to the endplate (Mo et al. 2015; Cai et al. 2020). The annulus consists of a concentric layer of annulus fibers (Panzer 2006). To combine the interface of vertebrae and disc the same mesh pattern is established on the endplate of the vertebra and disc. The posterior element's structure comprises the lamina, transverse process, facet joint, pedicle, and spinous process. Adjusted the initial space between the facet joint's cartilages (apophyseal) of 0.5 mm (Kurtz and Edidin 2006). The cartilages of facet joints identify as a homogeneous isotropic elastic material and considered surface to surface interaction between the facet joint's cartilages with a coefficient of friction of 0.01 (Fice et al. 2011). The five different types of major ligaments: the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL), the interspinous ligament (ISL), the ligament flavum (LF), the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL), and the capsular ligament (CL) were considered are shown in Figure 1(b). For ALL, ISL, LF, PLL, and CL, the number of truss elements (T2D3) in each segment was 5, 5, 5, 6, and 14, respectively. Table 1 shows the material properties of the vertebrae, IVD, and ligaments of the models (Erbulut et al. 2014; Subramani et al. 2020; Rahman et al. 2022).
Analysis of stress and stabilization in adolescent with osteoporotic idiopathic scoliosis: finite element method
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Qiaolin Zhang, Yan Zhang, Teo. Ee Chon, Julien S. Baker, Yaodong Gu
Ligaments play an important role in the biomechanics of the spine because they provide stability to the joints during rest and movement. In this work, we considered the seven most important ligaments in the lumbar spine, as shown below. They are: posterior longitudinal ligament, anterior longitudinal ligament, transverse ligament, ligamentum flavum, capsular ligament, supraspinous ligament and intraspinous ligament. Ligaments restrict the movement of lumbar vertebrae by stretching cones. In Ansys Workbench 19.0 (ANSYS, Inc., Canonsburg, United States), we use springs to simulate the tension of ligaments. We insert the spring on the surface of the cone according to the anatomical structure, as shown in Figure 4. The ligament structure of spinal functional units is stimulated by linear tension springs, which is defined as：