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Bone Health
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
Muscle endurance refers to the ability of a muscle to hold a sustained contraction for a longer period of time. This means you can continue using your muscles over and over before they fatigue (such as while walking, running, or repeating an exercise several times). Muscle strength refers to the amount of force a muscle can exert or how much weight you can lift. Strength is what gives you the power to exert a maximal force (such as lifting a heavy box). When it comes to your core muscles, improving your endurance can help you maintain posture, support your spine, and keep you aligned while you are sitting, standing, and walking. (And yes, helps you get up more easily from the floor or off the toilet seat!)
Assessment – Nutrition-Focused Physical Exam to Detect Macronutrient Deficiencies
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Muscle wasting is identified through inspection and palpation for muscle volume and strength. Inspection of muscles involves visualizing various parts of the body for signs of muscle loss such as hollowing, scooping, and/or concave depression, which may suggest muscle atrophy. Palpation requires touching and feeling the muscles for flaccidity and strength. Muscle strength is the muscle’s ability to contract and generate force in response to resistance. The amount of force generated is dependent on the amount of muscle mass. A strong forceful response indicates sufficient muscle mass while a weak response may signify muscle weakness and wasting. On palpation, strong, well-developed muscles will feel firm and rigid, while weak, wasted muscles will feel flaccid and soft.
Optimizing Function and Physical Health in Frail Adults
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
In contrast, resistance activities are activities that result in the muscles contracting against an external resistance. Strength and resistance training offset the loss of muscle mass and strength that are commonly seen with aging and aggravated by disuse. The external resistance can be exercise tubing, one’s own body weight, bottles of water, or any size hand-held or applied weight that causes the muscles to contract. Resistance activities can increase muscle mass as well as muscle strength. Multiple studies have shown that resistance activities decrease frailty by increasing strength in older adults (C. J. Liu & Latham, 2009). In addition to increasing muscle strength, aerobic or resistance activities, or a combination of both types of activity, can reduce falls (Liu-Ambrose et al., 2004) and improve grip strength, walking speed (Chen et al., 2020), and other aspects of frailty such as overall physical function (Arrieta et al., 2019; Hsieh et al., 2019; Mañas et al., 2019).
Self-reported neck and back pain among supermarket cashiers in Gaborone, Botswana
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Patience Erick, Modimooteng Sethatho, Tshephang Tumoyagae, Baemedi Letsholo, Roy Tapera, Bontle Mbongwe
Previous research has shown females to be at risk because they have small muscle mass and less strength than males. The size of muscles is associated with muscle strength. As such this was found to explain the difference in muscle activation between male and female cashiers during handling of items. The researchers believe that males may be a risk of neck pain because of prolonged standing during their work. Male cashiers are likely to work in a standing position than their female counterparts. Although working in a standing position has been reported to have lesser negative effects on cashiers compared to working in a sitting position, musculoskeletal pain has been reported among cashiers working in a standing position [38]. This has been attributed to more load on the neck and back due to cashier looking downwards for most work tasks and repeatedly bending forward [41].
The Impact of Functional Strength Training on Muscle Strength and Mobility in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2023
Kirthana Shilesh, Suruliraj Karthikbabu, Pratiksha Tilak Rao
Nine of the 12 included studies evaluated the impact of FST on strength.5,20,21,24–26,29–31 Multiple methods have been adopted in the selected studies to assess muscle strength, including the 1- and 6-repetition maximum, lateral step-up test, 30-second sit-to-stand test, and dynamometry. Of these nine studies, five were RCTs that assessed muscle strength using a homogenous measure – the leg press dynamometer. Thus, these results were pooled to obtain a quantitative understanding of the impact FST has on strength. The most commonly tested muscle groups were the trunk and lower limbs,5,20,21,23–31 especially the quadriceps, hamstrings, and ankle plantar flexors. The upper limbs were evaluated less frequently, except for two studies,26,27 which provided too little quantitative data to analyze. There was low heterogeneity amongst the studies, and only a few studies exhibited high performance, detection, and attrition risk of bias. The mean difference in post-interventional dynamometer scores in the control versus the experimental groups was analyzed (Table 4).
An updated review on the role of prescribed exercise in the management of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Corrado Angelini, Gabriele Siciliano
Resistance exercise improves muscle strength and force, helps maintaining skeletal muscle function, minimizes the risk of disability, and might induce muscle hypertrophy. Resistance training increases muscle strength by making muscle work against a weight or force. Different forms of resistance training include weight machines, resistance bands and might be done two or three times per week. Although it does not slow the progression of ALS, resistance training has some protective benefits for patients. One of the earliest reports showed that for patients with ALS, the static upper body muscle strength could be enhanced through resistance exercises of the upper extremities [25]. In this pilot study the application of resistance training for a patient with ALS resulted after 75 days in improved static strength in 14 muscle groups and decreased strength in 4. In terms of improvements in the motor deficit and disability of patients with ALS, a temporary mild improvement was achieved by moderate standard resistance training [22]. More specifically, after 3 months of intervention with resistance training, that involved most extremities and trunk muscle groups, a significant improvement in the functional and spasticity scores was seen.