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Knee Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
Injury from a non-direct contact sport occurs when a knee twists, cuts, or stops suddenly while running or a landing wrong from a jump with the foot in valgus position. The injury increases stress to the medial collateral ligament, resulting in a sprain. The most common sports that might lead to the sprain of the medial collateral ligament are football, hockey, wrestling, and martial arts.
Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The medial collateral ligament prevents medial widening of the joint space and is stiff with the knee in extension. The leg is externally rotated, keeping the knee flexed, and the probe is placed at the long axis of the medial collateral ligament, in an oblique orientation. The ligament is examined from the medial femoral condyle to the proximal tibial metaphysis. Dynamic assessment of the ligament integrity can be performed during valgus stress [58].
History taking and clinical examination in musculoskeletal disease
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
Medial collateral ligament . A lax MCL or deficient lateral compartment may cause knee instability when applying a valgus stress. It is important to note that the valgus stress test should be applied with the knee in 30° of flexion. Valgus instability in full extension (0°) should alert you to a possible posterior structure injury (e.g. posterior capsule, posterior cruciate ligament).
Sensitivity analysis of the knee ligament forces to the surgical design variation during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a finite element analysis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Malek Adouni, Tanvir R. Faisal, Yasin Y. Dhaher
Alteration of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) mechanical responses because of concomitant injuries or abnormal postsurgical loading have been recognized as a strong predictor of the risk of ACL-R revision within the first 2 years postoperatively (Liow et al. 2003; Halinen et al. 2006; Hart et al. 2009; Hamrin Senorski et al. 2018; Svantesson et al. 2019). This reported evidence of a positive correlation between the alteration of the collateral ligament response (because of traumatic injuries), specifically the MCL, and the rate of ACL-R postsurgical revision and failure may be attributed to the irregular loading conditions of the reconstructed joint. The irregular loading conditions may be mediated by surgical parameters such as femoral tunnel attachment sites and tunnel orientations, graft pretension, angle of fixation, or the patients’ specific parameters such as joint geometry and postsurgical muscle activation patterns (Schroeder 2014).
Is there a relationship between lower-extremity injuries and foot postures in professional football players? A prospective cohort study
Published in Science and Medicine in Football, 2022
Afsaneh Safar Cherati, Salman Khalifeh Soltani, Navid Moghadam, Bahar Hassanmirzaei, Zohreh Haratian, Shayesteh Khalifeh Soltani, Meisam Rezaei
The fundamental cause may be finding hamstring tightness in players with pronated foot posture and subsequent proneness to hamstring muscle injury in them. Regarding the available evidence, a pronated foot kinetically alters the lower limbs, lumbopelvic, and trunk muscles activation during the gait, possibly to compensate for the overload of the medial longitudinal arc (O’Connor and Hamill 2004; Murley et al. 2009, 2009b; Khodaveisi et al. 2016; Yazdani et al. 2019). Anti-pronation footwear is reported to be effective in increasing peak knee extensor, hip abductor and hip internal rotator moments during running; similarly, reduced hip adduction and knee internal rotation angles during a step-up task as well as during walking (Coplan 1989; Lack et al. 2014; Resende et al. 2015; Mei et al. 2019; Jafarnezhadgero et al. 2019). Lesser knee extensor and hip abductor moments may explain the hamstring overload and tightness. Likewise, the MCL injuries can be provoked by a higher knee internal rotation angle and transverse rotational motion, which leads to a higher medial load.
Therapeutic Effect of Resection, Prosthetic Replacement and Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for the Treatment of Mason Type III Radial Head Fracture
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Hong-Wei Chen, Jia-Liang Tian, Yong-Zhao Zhang
The resection group: the patient was placed in a supine position. After brachial plexus anesthesia, the forearm was pronated with a pneumatic tourniquet. An approximately 5 cm incision was made in the lateral elbow joint from the condylus lateralis humeri along the dermatoglyph directly across the radial head. The a poneurotic fascia was incised along the incision line and separated between the cubitalis posterior and the anconeus. Next, sharp dissection was carried out from the condylus lateralis humeri to the origin of the anconeus. The anconeus and extensor carpi ulnaris were then retracted to the ulnaris and the radialis, respectively. The forearms were fully pronated to move the nervus interosseus dorsalis away from the surgical area, and the articular capsule was opened by longitudinal incision to reveal the radial head, neck, and annular ligament. Hematomas at the fracture site were thoroughly evacuated, and the radial head was exposed via horizontal excision at the margo inferior of the annular ligament for clear access. The radial head was smoothed and repaired, and periost from the stub end was applied to cover the rough surface of the bone stump. Finally, the articular capsule was repaired. During surgery, injuries to the medial collateral ligament or other ligaments could also be repaired.