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Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
On the right lower limb of a fetus with craniorachischisis dissected by Alghamdi et al. (2017), some fibers of adductor magnus fused with adductor longus. Bersu et al. (1976) describe a male infant with Hanhart syndrome. The femora of this infant were normally developed but distal secondary ossification centers were absent. The left leg stump had a patella and a small rudiment of the proximal tibia but no fibular rudiment. The right leg stump was less developed and had a patella, smaller tibial rudiment, and no fibular rudiment. On the left side, the inferior bundle of adductor magnus originated from the ischial tuberosity, along with semitendinosus and biceps femoris, and inserted onto the junction of the middle and lower thirds of the linea aspera just above the adductor tubercle. Pirani et al. (1991) describe soft tissue anatomy associated with cases of proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD). In Aitken type B PFFD, adductor magnus is oriented more perpendicular to the femur than is typical. In Aitken type D PFFD, adductor magnus inserts onto the distal femoral remnant.
Hip Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
Attachments: The anterior fibers originate from the inferior ramus of pubis and ischial ramus, and it attaches to the medial gluteal tuberosity, middle of linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, the posterior fibers arise from the ischial tuberosity. It attaches to the adductor tubercle of the medial condyle of the femur.28
Lower Limb
Published in Harold Ellis, Adrian Kendal Dixon, Bari M. Logan, David J. Bowden, Human Sectional Anatomy, 2017
Harold Ellis, Adrian Kendal Dixon, Bari M. Logan, David J. Bowden
This section passes through the mid-shaft of the femur (4). Note that at this level, adductor magnus is dividing into two sections. Its lateral part (17), which arises from the ischial ramus, forms a broad aponeurosis, which inserts along the linea aspera along the posterior border of the femoral shaft (4). The medial part (16), which arises mainly from the ischial tuberosity, descends almost vertically to a tendinous attachment to the adductor tubercle of the medial condyle of the femur. Between the two parts distally is the osseo-aponeurotic adductor hiatus, which admits the femoral vessels to the popliteal fossa.
The association of the localized pain sensitivity in the residual limb and prosthesis use in male veterans with transtibial amputation
Published in Assistive Technology, 2023
Kamiar Ghoseiri, Mohammad Yusuf Rastkhadiv, Mostafa Allami, Phillip Page, Lars L. Andersen, Duane C. Button
Nineteen male veterans with traumatic war-related transtibial amputation and a mean±SD age of 49.5 ± 10.7 years were enrolled in this study. Participants were sampled from the database of the Veterans and Martyrs Affair Foundation (VMAF), a national secured database of all Iranian military and civilian casualties from the Iran–Iraq conflict (Esfandiari et al., 2018), among veterans with unilateral transtibial amputation who were living in the Hamadan province of Iran. Veterans were called by phone and after describing the aim, process, and benefits of the study, were invited to participate. Of the 28 volunteers who responded, 19 met the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were intact skin of the residual limb as confirmed by examination, nearly 25 cm length of the residual limb as measured from adductor tubercle of femur, and active community ambulator with pain-free prosthesis use. The exclusion criteria were the existence of mental disorders (n = 8), addictions (n = 1), and neurological deficits. All aspects of the study were consistent with the declaration of Helsinki and were approved by the research ethics committee of the VMAF, approved number: IR.ISAAR.REC.1398.016. All participants gave written consent to participate in the study.
Response to pregabalin and progesterone differs in male and female rat models of neuropathic and cancer pain
Published in Canadian Journal of Pain, 2020
Robert G. Ungard, Yong Fang Zhu, Sarah Yang, Peter Nakhla, Natalka Parzei, Kan Lun Zhu, Gurmit Singh
Rats were anaesthetized with inhaled isoflurane (3%–5% in O2) and oriented in a supine position with their right hind limb fixed to a stationary convex support to maintain the limb in a flexed position. A small incision was made on the medial side to expose the quadriceps femoris and the vastus lateralis was incised to expose the medial epicondyle of the femur. A small cavity was drilled between the medial epicondyle and the adductor tubercle with a 0.8 A stereotaxic drill equipped with a 1.75-mm burr. A 25-gauge needle was inserted into this cavity to penetrate the intramedullary canal. The needle was removed and replaced with a blunted 25-gauge needle attached to a Hamilton syringe containing the live MRMT-1 or heat/freeze-inactivated MRMT-1 (sham) cell suspension. The suspension was dispensed slowly into the canal and the syringe was left in place for 1 min to prevent leakage. The cavity was then sealed with dental amalgam and fixed using a curing light. The wound was flushed with sterile deionized water, and muscle, fascia, and skin were sutured. Cancer cell implantation to the distal femur was performed as described in detail in previously published methods.19,20
Long-standing groin pain in an elite athlete: usefulness of ultrasound in differential diagnosis and patient education – a case report
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2018
Kingsley S. R. Dhinakar, Anjanette Cantoria Lacaste
There was increased joint play when sacral thrust play was performed on bilateral side of sacroiliac joint but with a definitive end feel. This may indicate a lack of constraint by the passive structures. Active testing of the spine was performed and the therapist applied over pressure to assess the end-feel of the movement. The range was full with normal end-feel and none of the movements reproduced the symptoms. Left hip adductors appeared to be weak on manual muscle testing. Figure 1 shows the electromyography (EMG) reading comparing muscle activities of right and left hip adductors on maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Left hip adductors has less muscle activities. Electromyography (EMG) was performed during maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) of muscle of hip adductor muscles in bilateral sides for comparison. It was performed with the patient lying flat on the back and pressing against a solid ball [29]. The parameters used were: 3 V for channel sensitivity, 1000/sec for sampling rate and 4600 mv for excitation output. Surface Electromyography for the Non-Invasive Assessment of Muscles (SENIAM) recommendations for EMG placements were considered [30]. However, the SENIAM recommendations do not have a suggested placement for hip adductor. Therefore, electrodes were placed distally at the one-third of the distance between the pubic symphysis and the adductor tubercle, which is still in accordance on the principle of SENIAM guidelines. It was ensured the patient was earthed and there was no artefact.