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Knee and Patella Radiography
Published in Russell L. Wilson, Chiropractic Radiography and Quality Assurance Handbook, 2020
The fibular head will be seen clear of the tibia. The lateral femoral condyle will be seen in profile. The femoral-fibular joint space will be open. The soft tissue structures adjacent to the knee will be seen. Be careful and watch the object to film distance. It will almost always be less of a problem with the patient recumbent.
Orthopaedic Emergencies
Published in Anthony FT Brown, Michael D Cadogan, Emergency Medicine, 2020
Anthony FT Brown, Michael D Cadogan
X-ray all patients and look for an associated fracture, such as: Tibial condyle fracture.Avulsion fracture of the tibial spine in cruciate ligament tears.Flake fracture of the lateral or medial femoral condyle in collateral ligament tears.Vertical avulsion fracture off the lateral tibial condyle from the lateral capsular ligament attachment (Segond fracture) this is associated with an ACL rupture, and/or medial meniscal tear from a varus twisting injury.Avulsion of the tibial tubercle (Osgood–Schlatter's disease) due to traction apophysitis, more common in young male teenagers.
The locomotor system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Avascular necrosis is seen in several disorders of childhood. Perthes’ disease affects the hips in children, particularly males, who present with pain and a limp. About 10% of cases are bilateral. Pathologically there is necrosis of the femoral epiphysis, which may heal without significant deformity or collapse. This may result in osteoarthritis in later life. In other conditions bone necrosis follows an episode of trauma. In osteochondritis dissecans, a wedge-shaped area of bone and its attached articular cartilage separate from the articular surface leaving a well-demarcated defect. The bone undergoes necrosis. This commonly involves the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle. The loose body formed may cause locking and damage to the articular cartilage. Similar conditions may affect the tarsal navicular (Köhler's disease), lunate (Kienböck's disease), and second metatarsal (Freiberg's disease).
Circ_0128846/miR-140-3p/JAK2 Network in Osteoarthritis Development
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
Hongjun Li, Zhongyu Liu, Xiaoyun Guo, Mei Zhang
Articular knee cartilage specimens were obtained from nineteen patients (10 females/9 males; median age 68 years, range 47–79 years) who had pathologically confirmed OA and underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University. Patients with OA were diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria (Altman et al. 1986). They suffered degenerative lesions in the medial femoral condyle but a healthy appearance on the lateral side based on X-ray examination and gross observation during TKA. Normal cartilage tissue was obtained from seven amputation patients (4 females/3 males; median age 51 years, range 38–74 years) with no history of OA or rheumatoid arthritis. All samples were pathologically confirmed by two independent pathologists using Safranin O staining and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. All cartilage tissue samples were submerged in liquid nitrogen immediately and stored at −80°C until analyses. Written informed consent was acquired from each participant. All procedures were performed in line with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the institutional review board of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University (Ethical approval: SYXK(Jin)2019–0004).
Study on the poroelastic behaviors of the defected articular cartilage
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Yuqin Sun, Ningning Wang, Jianhao Yu, Yang Yan, Hao Dong, Xiaogang Wu, Meizhen Zhang, Yanqin Wang, Pengcui Li, Xiaochun Wei, Weiyi Chen
Research has shown that changes in fluid flow behavior after cartilage defects may have functional consequences and then feed back into the development of the damage, resulting in progressive cartilage degeneration finally. The cartilage cloud image without defect shows that there is obvious p concentration in the contact area of articular cartilage and meniscus, and the v in this area is also large (Figure 6). Good agreement was found between our results and the found by Guo et al., who established a 2D knee joint biphasic model including tibial cartilage, femoral cartilage, femur and meniscus. Clinical examination indicated that injuries to the central part of the medial femoral condyle are very common. From the cloud image results, it may be related to the long-term large stress in the area. Subsequently, a circular defect was established in this area to study the effect of cartilage defect on internal fluid flow. Although our model does not include structures such as meniscus, we believed that the current femoral cartilage model can provide some valuable insights into the damage mechanism of articular cartilage.
Same-side insufficiency fractures of the tibia and femur after denosumab discontinuation: a case report
Published in Modern Rheumatology Case Reports, 2021
Hidefumi Koiwai, Mikio Kamimura, Yukio Nakamura, Jun Takahashi, Akira Taguchi
Severe left knee joint pain appeared without trauma at 18 months after DMAB cessation. Pain and tenderness were observed in the proximal part of the left tibia, with no apparent lesions in radiographs of the distal part of the tibia (Figure 1(a)). Soon after, she was hospitalised for 2 weeks due to heart failure, during which time her knee pain disappeared spontaneously. Two weeks after discharge, she complained of severe left knee joint pain again. Pain and tenderness were noted in the distal part of the medial femoral condyle. Radiographs showed osteosclerotic change in the proximal part of the tibia in the absence of lesions in the distal part of the femur (Figure 1(b)). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the presence of a subchondral, well-defined, striped pattern area of decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted images and decreased signal intensity on T2-star weighted images on both sides of the distal femur and the proximal tibia (Figure 1(c)). Three weeks after the onset of the second bout of knee joint pain, radiographs disclosed osteosclerotic change in the distal part of the femur (Figure 1(d)). Bone insufficiency fractures of the tibia and femur were diagnosed from these plain radiographic findings and MRI results.