China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Knee and Patella Radiography
Published in Russell L. Wilson, Chiropractic Radiography and Quality Assurance Handbook, 2020
Adult knee films are generally taken using the Bucky. The bone density of the distal femur generally makes too much scatter radiation for non-grid films. The A-P, oblique, and lateral views can be easily taken upright or recumbent. A 5° cephalad tube angulation is used for all A-P and oblique views. This tube angulation helps to open the joint space. The A-P and oblique views will demonstrate the distal femur and femoral condyles, proximal tibia and tibia plateaus, tibial spines, medial and lateral joint compartments, and the fibular head. The oblique views are less frequently taken. The lateral oblique will demonstrate the medial condyle in profile. The medial oblique will demonstrate the lateral condyle in profile and provide a clear view of the head of the fibula.
Osteoporotic distal femoral fractures
Published in Peter V. Giannoudis, Thomas A. Einhorn, Surgical and Medical Treatment of Osteoporosis, 2020
Cyril Mauffrey, Nicholas A. Alfonso
The medial approach to the distal femur can be considered with isolated medial condyle or severely comminuted bicondylar fractures. An incision is made straight medially and centered over the fracture site, with distal extension made anterior to the adductor tubercle. Fascia is then divided in line with the skin incision with the interval between the sartorius and vastus medialis to expose the femur. The superficial femoral artery should be identified and retracted posteriorly in this approach. Although a medial parapatellar arthrotomy is the workhorse approach in knee arthroplasty, it is less useful in distal femur fixation given difficulty with proximal extension. Regardless, accessory medial incisions can be made if necessary in combination with lateral-sided approaches to help visualize and reduce fracture fragments.
Distal Conduction Blocks
Published in Bernard J. Dalens, Jean-Pierre Monnet, Yves Harmand, Pediatric Regional Anesthesia, 2019
Bernard J. Dalens, Jean-Pierre Monnet, Yves Harmand
The ulnar nerve runs along the medial side of the arm within the sulcus bicipitalis medialis that contains the brachial vessels and the terminal nerves of the brachial plexus (Figure 1.54). It lies at the medial side of the artery, together with the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve. At the middle part of the arm, the ulnar nerve pierces the medial intermuscular septum, runs posteriorly, becomes superficial, and penetrates into the ulnar groove between the olecranon process and the medial condyle of the humerus (Figures 1.31B and 1.55). It then enters the forearm between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, accompanied by the superior ulnar collateral artery, and lies on the posterior and oblique parts of the medial ligament of the elbow joint. It supplies the medial part of the hand (Figure 1.56).
Finite element analysis of fixed bone plates over fractured femur model
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Harbhajan Ahirwar, Vijay Kumar Gupta, Himansu Sekhar Nanda
The load on the femoral head in standing condition was taken as 1/3rd of the bodyweight of a healthy human (70 kg) which is nearly 230 N. The load was applied on the femoral head in the upright position in the downward direction. Fixed support was provided at lateral and medial condyle surfaces of the femur. The load during a typical gait was considered as 4 times the body weight and applied at the femoral head which is nearly 2800 N. A typical gait duration of 1.2 s was considered during the walking condition (for dynamic analysis) (Das and Sarangi 2014). The effect of muscle force was not considered in the analysis. Fixed support was provided at lateral and medial condyle surfaces of the femur as shown in Figure SI.3. The 10-noded triangular tetrahedral element was used for meshing of the assembly using ANSYS (version 2019 R3) Software. The frictional coefficient between the plate and the bone was taken as 0.3 and the bone plate assembly was simulated by contact pairs. The CONTAC 174 and TARGE 170 were the contact and target elements used in FEA to create the contact pair. These elements were used to reduce the sliding, deformation and to minimize the interface stress and strain generated within the bone plate assembly (Das and Sarangi 2014). As mentioned, the muscular forces were not considered in this analysis.
Predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging for multifocal osteonecrosis screening associated with glucocorticoid therapy
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2020
Kento Nawata, Junichi Nakamura, Shigeo Hagiwara, Yasushi Wako, Michiaki Miura, Yuya Kawarai, Masahiko Sugano, Kensuke Yoshino, Kazuhide Inage, Sumihisa Orita, Seiji Ohtori
The site and the extent of osteonecrosis were classified based on the 2001 revised criteria of the JMHLW [15] as follows: type A was defined as a lesion that occupied the medial one-third or less of the weight-bearing portion of the femoral head; a type B lesion occupied the medial two-thirds or less of the weight-bearing portion of the femoral head; a type C1 lesion occupied more than the medial two-thirds of the weight-bearing portion of the femoral head but did not extend laterally to the acetabular edge and a type C2 lesion extended laterally to the acetabular edge. Osteonecrosis of the knee was divided into six regions in accordance with the classifications of Shigemura et al. [16] as follows: distal femoral metaphysis (DFM), femoral lateral condyle (FLC), femoral medial condyle (FMC), tibial lateral condyle (TLC), tibial medial condyle (TMC) and proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM) (Figure 1). The risk of knee joint collapse with osteonecrosis increased when four or more regions were involved (Group F) rather than when three or fewer regions were implicated (Group T) [16]. Osteonecrosis of the shoulder included the humeral head and the glenoid fossa (Figure 2(A)). Osteonecrosis of the ankle included the distal tibia and talus (Figure 2(B)).
A screening method to analyse the sensitivity of a lower limb multibody kinematic model
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
Eric Jacquelin, Denis Brizard, Raphael Dumas
For lateral-medial displacement (Figure 2d), the most influential parameters are the radius of medial condyle (i = 77), the Y-coordinate of medial plateau (i = 20), and the length of the medial collateral ligament (i = 81). For anterior-posterior displacement (Figure 2e), the most influential parameters are the Y-coordinate of medial plateau (i = 20), the X-coordinate of the tibia tuberosity marker (i = 97), and the Y-coordinate of medial condyle (i = 41). For proximal-distal displacement (Figure 2f), only one parameter, the shank length (i = 84), is considered as most influential. For all the tibiofemoral joint displacements, the values of