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Fundamentals
Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
Non-articulating surfaces for the attachment of ligaments and tendons include large rough processes called tuberosities, such as the tibial tuberosity for the attachment of the tendon of quadriceps (see knee – bones). A small rounded process is known as a tubercle, such as the greater and lesser tubercles of the proximal humerus (see shoulder complex – bones). A process is a bony prominence, like the xiphoid process on the distal end of the sternum (see thoracic region – bones). A spine is a sharp process, such as the anterior superior iliac spine of the pelvis (see lumbar spine and pelvis – bones). An epicondyle is a projection above a condyle, such as the lateral and medial epicondyles of the femur (see knee – bones). There are two kinds of depression found on the bones: a shallow depression called a fossa and a small pit called a fovea. Examples are the iliac fossa of the pelvis (see lumbar spine and pelvis – bones) and the fovea capitis of the head of the femur (see hip – bones). There are various holes through the bones, known as foramina. For example, every vertebra has a vertebral foramen for the spinal cord to pass through (see vertebral structure).
Sports medicine and sports injuries
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
Medial and lateral epicondylitis are discussed above (Figure32.10) . Treatment should commence with physiotherapy and an epicondyle support. Percutaneous interventions should then be tried before surgical treatment.
Multiple choice questions (MCQs)
Published in Tristan Barrett, Nadeem Shaida, Ashley Shaw, Adrian K. Dixon, Radiology for Undergraduate Finals and Foundation Years, 2018
Tristan Barrett, Nadeem Shaida, Ashley Shaw, Adrian K. Dixon
A 13-year-old child falls from her bicycle and presents with elbow pain. Which of the following ossification centres should have formed by this stage? Radial head.Trochlea.Olecranon.Lateral (external) epicondyle.Medial (internal) epicondyle.
Cluster subgroups based on overall pressure pain sensitivity and psychosocial factors in chronic musculoskeletal pain: Differences in clinical outcomes
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2019
Suzana C Almeida, Steven Z George, Raquel D. V Leite, Anamaria S Oliveira, Thais C Chaves
The points evaluated by algometry were the thenar region of the nondominant hand and the nine sites described by the American College of Rheumatology (Wolfe et al., 1990), including the following: 1) sternal border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle above the head of the clavicle; 2) midpoint of the upper trapezius muscle; 3) second rib, lateral to the costochondral junction, on the upper surface (request contraction of the pectoralis major); 4) 2–4 cm distal to the lateral epicondyle (m. brachioradialis); 5) medial knee fat, proximal to the joint interline; 6) insertion of the suboccipital muscle; 7) supraspinatus insertion above the spine of the scapula, near the upper edge; 8) superolateral quadrant of the buttock, anterior to the muscle (contraction of the gluteus maximus); and 9) posterior to the greater trochanter.
Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in enthesitis related arthritis and juvenile spondylarthropathies
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2018
The disease usually begins after the age of 6 years, typically with arthritis of the knee, hip or hip joint, or in the mid-foot (tarsitis) (Figure 1). Diagnosed mon- or oligoarthritis in children is mainly asymmetrical. Less frequently, arthritis involves the small joints of the foot or presents as sacroiliitis. In addition to arthritis, enthesitis, inflammation of tendons, tendon sheaths, and tendon attachments on the bone can be present. The enthesitis in the case of ERA is often symmetrical and predominant on the lower extremities. Insertion enthesopathies, especially at the achilles tendon (Figure 2), the plantar aponeurosis, or around the knee at the patella or the tibial tuberosity are typical. Further enthesitides are found on the greater trochanter, the epicondyles on the humerus, the pelvic crest, along the spines of the vertebral column, and on the sternum. A total of 45–80% of children with ERA-JIA exhibit at least one enthesitis [10]. Chronic inflammation of the entheses may lead to erosions, calcifications, osteopenia, and bone regeneration up to bony overgrowth [11,12].
Prevalence of lateral epicondylosis in veteran manual wheelchair users participating in adaptive sports
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2022
Andrea K. Cyr, Berdale S. Colorado, Michael J. Uihlein, Kristin L. Garlanger, Sergey S. Tarima, Kenneth Lee
It is expected that acute elbow pain at the lateral epicondyle would present with clinical symptoms such as swelling, pain, and positive exam maneuvers. LE as a tendinopathy is defined as a degenerative, overuse condition and would likely have abnormal structural findings as seen with an ultrasound assessment, as a result of repetitive damage and repair to the area.14 The sensitivities and specificities for ultrasound findings of LE for abnormalities including increased vascularity, bony irregularities, and tendon thickening are considered for chronic conditions.11