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Functional Rehabilitation
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
The shoulder or glenohumeral joint is a highly mobile ball and socket joint designed to peform a wide variety of movements over large ranges to orientate the hand. The humeral head sits in a shallow glenoid socket, like a golf ball sitting on a tee, making the glenohumeral joint mobile but also unstable. To increase stability, a fibrocartilage disc known as the glenoid labrum sits on top of the glenoid. The labrum deepens the shallow socket, creating a more stable structure, although the labrum can be torn by traumatic injury.
A to Z Entries
Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
The shoulder is the most proximal joint of the upper extremity and has the greatest multiaxial range of motion of all the upper extremity joints. The glenohumeral joint is formed between the scapula (the shoulder blade) and the humerus, the long bone in the upper arm that contributes to both the shoulder and the elbow joint (Figure 19). The glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket joint and, as such, makes the arm very mobile with respect to the torso. The joint has only a shallow socket in the glenoid fossa of the scapula for the humerus to sit in, but is protected against displacement by strong ligament and tendinous attachments. The shoulder complex comprises the glenohumeral joint plus the acromioclavicular joint, between the scapula and the lateral end of the clavicle (the collarbone), and the scapulothoracic joint, between the subscapular fossa and the thoracic cage. The scapulothoracic joint is not a traditional joint, since bone does not articulate directly with bone (see joint classification). However, this structure makes a large contribution to the mobility of the shoulder complex.
Swimming
Published in Paul Grimshaw, Michael Cole, Adrian Burden, Neil Fowler, Instant Notes in Sport and Exercise Biomechanics, 2019
Considering that competitive swimmers can easily complete more than a million shoulder rotations per year (up to 10,000 m training per day with between 15 and 25 strokes per 25 m distance) it is inevitable that this will potentially result in injury. Shoulder injury to swimmers is often described by the medical professions as one or more of the following: shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) instability; inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon and often also the biceps tendon and sub-acromial impingement (impingement of the soft tissue structures lying below the acromion), which are more commonly known or classified as “swimmer’s shoulder” (Figure F6.12).
Simultaneous bilateral shoulder dislocation during pilates reformer exercise: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Metin Ergün, İhsan Yörük, Ogün Köyağasioğlu
History of past exercise experience revealed that the patient had done Pilates Reformer exercise three times per week for three months that year. In a typical session; there was a 10-minute warm-up, followed by lower extremity exercises and then core and upper extremity exercises. On the injury day, the patient was executing the exercise called “kneeling arm circles.” For this exercise, the patient was kneeling on a Pilates Reformer machine (Pilates Cadillac) holding the handles of two separate ropes with each of her hands. The resistance of ropes was equivalent to eight kilograms, pulling in the backward direction. The patient was facing in the opposite direction of the pull of the resistance. The movement was supposed to consist of full forward flexion, combined with horizontal abduction, external rotation, and adduction in the glenohumeral joint; creating an imaginary cone with the axis in the shoulder. After holding the straps in her hands at hip height with elbows straight, while raising hands to the ceiling and forming an imaginary circle with her hands aligned with the waist, both her shoulders suddenly went forward during a poorly controlled eccentric part of the movement sequence. The patient was admitted to our clinic ten days after discharge from the hospital.
Acromioclavicular joint injuries at a Colorado ski resort
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2023
Naomi Kelley, Lauren Pierpoint, Jack Spittler, Morteza Khodaee
Although ACJ injuries are common in many contact sports, they are especially prevalent in winter sports such as skiing and snowboarding [8,11,12]. As winter recreation becomes more popular, shoulder injuries have been seen with increasing frequency in resort medical clinics. As reported by Kocher et al, the ratio of upper to lower extremity injuries has increased from 1:4 to 1:2 [11]. The most common shoulder injuries that occur in winter sports include anterior glenohumeral joint dislocations, rotator cuff strains, clavicle fractures [13], and ACJ injuries, however, the rate of injury remains unknown. In this study, we investigate patterns of ACJ injury and estimate the incidence of injury due to participation in either skiing or snowboarding in Winter Park Resort between the 2012/13 and 2016/17 ski seasons.
Longitudinal assessments of strength and dynamic balance from pre-injury baseline to 3 and 4 months after labrum repairs in collegiate athletes
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Ling Li, Brenna K. McGuinness, Jacob S. Layer, Yu Song, Megan A. Jensen, Boyi Dai
The glenoid labrum is a fibrous rim that surrounds the glenoid cavity to stabilize the glenohumeral joint. Certain labrum injuries may require surgical repairs for specific populations (Dodson and Altchek, 2009). In the general population, the superior labrum from anterior to posterior (SLAP) repairs represent approximately 9.4% of total shoulder surgeries (Weber, Martin, Seiler, and Harrast, 2012). In National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) athletes, SLAP tears and other non-SLAP labrum tears are the two upper extremity injuries mostly requiring surgical treatment (Gil, Goodman, DeFroda, and Owens, 2018). SLAP tears comprise over 17% of shoulder surgeries, while non-SLAP labrum tears are a portion of surgical treatment to shoulder instability that makes up more than 60% of shoulder surgeries (Gil, Goodman, DeFroda, and Owens, 2018).