China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Introduction to the clinical stations
Published in Sukhpreet Singh Dubb, Core Surgical Training Interviews, 2020
The patient may have suffered a number of possible injuries, although my primary diagnosis is an anterior shoulder dislocation. The patient has a characteristic history and the arm is held in a typical position suggesting shoulder dislocation, the vast majority of which are anterior. The patient may have suffered a proximal humerus fracture, though this is usually accompanied by bruising and swelling. There may be a clavicle fracture, which is not always obvious on clinical examination. I would also review imaging investigations to check for acromioclavicular joint separation, which commonly accompanies traumatic injuries to the shoulder.
Orthopaedic Emergencies
Published in Anthony FT Brown, Michael D Cadogan, Emergency Medicine, 2020
Anthony FT Brown, Michael D Cadogan
Look for the following complications before any attempt is made at manipulation: Axillary (circumflex) nerve damageAssess for pinprick sensory loss over the ‘regimental badge’ area on the upper lateral aspect of the deltoid (testing for shoulder movement by the deltoid is too painful to be meaningful).Posterior cord of the brachial plexusTest wrist extension by the radial nerve. Rarely other parts of the brachial plexus are damaged.Axillary artery damagePalpate the radial pulse. Prompt reduction usually restores the circulation.Fracture of the upper humerusLook carefully for this on the X-rays.
The Musculoskeletal System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
The large bone located above the knee in the leg is the femur. The tibia is the largest bone below the knee, located in front of the fibula. The ankle bones or tarsals, the foot bones or metatarsals (literally, "after the tarsals"), and the toe bones or phalanges (singular: phalanx) complete the lower extremity. The upper extremity is composed of the collar bone or clavicle, which articulates with the wingbone or scapula, the long bone of the upper arm known as the humerus, the radius and ulna below the elbow and joining the wrist bone or carpais, the bones of the hand or metacarpals, and the phalanges of the fingers.
Simultaneous bilateral shoulder dislocation during pilates reformer exercise: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Metin Ergün, İhsan Yörük, Ogün Köyağasioğlu
In the case presented here, there was no violent muscle contraction but there was uncontrolled motion of the joint during sports activity. Inadequate control of muscles around the shoulder and insufficient core stabilization may have contributed to the dislocations. To our knowledge, only seven cases associated with exercise have been reported previously in the literature (Felderman, Shih, and Maroun, 2009; Jones, 1987; Segal, Yablon, Lynch, and Jones, 1979). In bench press and pull-over exercises, hands are placed on a bar or dumbbells are held in hands. In the eccentric part of the bench press, the weight is lowered to the chest in a controlled motion. In pull-over, the weight is lowered in the over-head position. In both of these exercises, the weight forces the shoulder into abduction and external rotation. The humerus and forearm bones act as a long arm lever because the hands are placed on the bar or dumbbell, and they force the humeral head toward the anterior. This forceful motion is one of the most important causative factors for shoulder dislocation. In the case we presented, resistance straps were used on both sides although there was no weight in the hand during the movement.
Application of platelet-rich plasma in traumatic bone infections
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Ruohui Tang, Shaochuan Wang, Jing Yang, Tong Wu, Jun Fei
The source of the materials required for bone grafting has been a persistent problem in the development of membrane induction technology. The ratio of autologous to allogeneic bone reported in the previous literature cannot be lower than 3:1 [63]. In the first-stage treatment, Olivo et al. used autologous bone graft alone and autologous bone combined with PRP to treat nonunion of the humerus. This combined treatment showed advantages in healing time and bone strength [64]. Li et al. used membrane induction technology to treat 35 cases of bone defects, and the two-stage bone graft combined with PRP group achieved faster clinical healing [65]. The addition of PRP reduces the amount of autogenous bone and creates conditions for the repair of long bone defects. One study reported that the addition of PRP to the induced membrane can help improve the quality of membrane formation, promote inflammation and proliferation, maintain vascularization of large-area bone defects, and increase the number of stem cells [66].
A custom-made distal humerus plate fabricated by selective laser melting
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Thansita Thomrungpiyathan, Suriya Luenam, Boonrat Lohwongwatana, Winai Sirichativapee, Kriengkrai Nabudda, Chedtha Puncreobutr
Distal humerus fractures in adults are relatively uncommon injuries representing 2–6% of all fractures and 30% of all fractures in human’s elbow region (Korner et al. 2003). However, a substantial increase has been found recently in elderly women with potentially osteoporotic bone (Nauth et al. 2011). Treatment of distal humerus fractures is often complicated by comminution in articular region, e.g. complete articular fractures (Bogataj et al. 2015), rotational deformities and malunion fractures (Oura et al. 2018). One of the most common post-operative clinical issues reported to date is non-union of bone (approximately 2–10%) due to lack of initial stability of internal fixation (Savvidou et al. 2018). Previous studies extensively utilized concepts of stiffness and interfragmentary strain to evaluate development of stable internal fixation with plate and screws (Perren 2002; Bottlang et al. 2010; Kudo et al. 2016). However, there is still some controversy regarding plate configuration to achieve the best clinical outcome.