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Surgery of the Elbow
Published in Timothy W R Briggs, Jonathan Miles, William Aston, Heledd Havard, Daud TS Chou, Operative Orthopaedics, 2020
Alan Salih, David Butt, Deborah Higgs
Patients with tennis elbow have tenderness at the common extensor origin, with reproduction of symptoms upon resisted wrist extension with the elbow in extension. Non-operative treatment with anti-inflammatories, counterforce bracing and up to three steroid injections to the site of maximal tenderness can achieve success in up to 95% of cases. The ECRB tendon is invariably affected, though the tendon of extensor digitorum communis (EDC) may also be affected in up to 35% of cases and therefore should not be neglected. Tennis elbow occurs at least five times more commonly than golfer's elbow.
Forearm, Elbow, and Humerus Radiography
Published in Russell L. Wilson, Chiropractic Radiography and Quality Assurance Handbook, 2020
Fractures may be caused by a fall with outstretched hands, a fall directly on the elbow, or a direct blow to the elbow. The outstretched-hand fall may dislocate the elbow or fracture the radial head or neck. With fractures of the elbow, the anterior fat pad will become angled, and the posterior fat pad will elevate from the olecranon fossa. Displacement of the posterior fat pad is referred to as a “positive fat pad sign” and is a reliable indication of a fracture. A fall with outstretched hands with the elbow in flexion can result in an avulsion fracture of the olecranon.
Musculoskeletal and Soft-Tissue Emergencies
Published in Anthony FT Brown, Michael D Cadogan, Emergency Medicine, 2020
Anthony FT Brown, Michael D Cadogan
Tennis elbow causes pain over the lateral epicondyle of the humerus from a partial tear of the extensor origin of the forearm muscles used in repetitive movements (e.g. using a screwdriver or playing tennis).
Biomechanical analysis of wheelchair athletes with paraplegia during cross-training exercises
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2022
Carrie Jones, Alyssa J. Schnorenberg, Kristin Garlanger, Joshua M. Leonardis, Sam Kortes, Justin Riebe, Justin Plesnik, Kenneth Lee, Brooke A. Slavens
While the elbow sagittal plane ROM ranged from 40.7 deg for battle ropes to 69.1 deg for overhead press, no one experienced or even appeared to approach a hyperextended state for any of the exercises. While the prevalence of elbow pain and injury in manual wheelchair users is relatively low at 5–31%,5,38–41 many have stated it to be a significant problem. The prevalence of ulnar mononeuropathy at the elbow of those with SCI is 22–45%.5 This is typically caused by repetitive or prolonged elbow flexion. As all of these four exercises required at least 40.0 deg ROM of rapid and repetitive flexion at the elbow that may further exacerbate this overuse injury, highlighting the importance of training, prescription, and dosing of cross-training exercises (particularly exercises with similar joint demands) in the manual wheelchair user population. The elbow was solely supinated during the sled pull, with an average peak angle of 45.3 deg, and was solely pronated during the overhead press with an average peak of 130.3 deg. While the elbow moved between pronation and supination for both the battle ropes and sledgehammer swing, the sledgehammer swing required almost twice the ROM (66.5 deg) and reached a peak supination angle of 32.0 deg. Given that the strongest supinator is the biceps brachii, this could potentially lead to an increased risk of bicipital tendinitis, which is already a commonly reported cause of shoulder pain in manual wheelchair users.42,43
Safety and effectiveness of fascial therapy in the treatment of adult patients with hemophilic elbow arthropathy: a pilot study
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Raúl Pérez-Llanes, Javier Meroño-Gallut, Elena Donoso-Úbeda, José López-Pina, Rubén Cuesta-Barriuso
The elbow is the most affected joint, limiting an individual’s basic daily living activities such as getting dressed, driving, or job performance (Srivastava et al., 2013). Joint deterioration is evidenced by an early loss of joint movement in the supine position and a thickening of the head of the radius (Heim, Beeton, Blamey, and Goddard, 2012). The most appropriate treatment in the early stages of joint damage (i.e. synovitis) is the administration of Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors, increased prophylaxis doses and then surgical treatment such as synoviorthesis with the aim of reducing synovial hypertrophy and thus the frequency of bleeding (Rodriguez-Merchan, 2013). Although there is a high prevalence of elbow arthropathy in patients with hemophilia, few studies have developed physiotherapy interventions in this group of patients (Garcia et al., 2009; Gomis et al., 2009).
Effect of the medial collateral ligament and the lateral ulnar collateral ligament injury on elbow stability: a finite element analysis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Fang Wang, Shuoqi Jia, Mingxin Li, Kui Pan, Jianguo Zhang, Yubo Fan
The elbow joint is one of the most commonly dislocated joints of human body. A reported incidence of elbow dislocation was average 5.21 per 100,000 people and that was more common in 10-19 years old group, reaching 6.87 per 100,000 people (Stoneback et al. 2012). The main causes of elbow dislocation were falling on outstretched hands, sports and motor vehicle collisions (Hyman et al. 2001). Sports injuries are becoming the first cause of dislocation with the popularization of mass sports in recent years. Elbow injuries occurred frequently in throwing, balls and gymnastic, which due to sports accounted for 44.5% of all the dislocated cases (Stoneback et al. 2012). A combination of bone and ligaments repair was an effective method for the clinical treatment of elbow dislocation. However, the complex biomechanical environment of elbow often leaded to postoperative complications, which included joint stiffness, joint dysfunction and ossifying myositis and caused a 22.4% reoperation rate (Sochol et al. 2019).