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Other Complications of Diabetes
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Musculoskeletal complications of diabetes include carpal tunnel syndrome, Dupuytren contracture, adhesive capsulitis, and sclerodactyly. Carpal tunnel syndrome is compression of the median nerve along its course through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. Dupuytren contracture is progressive contracture of the palmar fascial bands, resulting in finger flexion deformities. Adhesive capsulitis is commonly known as frozen shoulder, associated with shoulder pain and stiffness. Sclerodactyly is a localized thickening and tightness of the skin on the fingers or toes.
Separating Professional from Lay Ethics
Published in Howard Winet, Ethics for Bioengineering Scientists, 2021
Often, there are alternative ways of solving the problem available. A person with shoulder pain may be helped by exercise, cortisone injection, or rotator cuff surgery to ease the pain. A professional is familiar with or knows how to research alternative approaches to the problem. Some alternatives solve the client’s problem better than others. The patient may find that shoulder exercises takes more time and energy than does a cortisone injection, but has fewer pharmacological side effects. Usually, benefits and harm of each alternative treatment must be considered. Because the professional has expert knowledge, she has some basis for offering the lay person client some advice about these alternatives, too. In any case, the professional owes her client comprehensive consideration of alternative responses to the client’s need.
Paper 1
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
Adhesive capsulitis is also known as frozen shoulder and classically presents with restriction in shoulder elevation and external rotation. It is most common in middle-aged women, particularly diabetic patients, and can also be associated with previous trauma. Classical radiological features are a thickened joint capsule and coracohumeral ligament. The subscapularis bursa is small, and lymphatic filling is a feature. The subcoracoid fat triangle between the coracohumeral ligament and coracoid process can be obliterated. The joint volume is reduced and therefore there is limited filling capacity during arthrogram injection.
Simultaneous bilateral shoulder dislocation during pilates reformer exercise: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Metin Ergün, İhsan Yörük, Ogün Köyağasioğlu
In the case presented here, there was no violent muscle contraction but there was uncontrolled motion of the joint during sports activity. Inadequate control of muscles around the shoulder and insufficient core stabilization may have contributed to the dislocations. To our knowledge, only seven cases associated with exercise have been reported previously in the literature (Felderman, Shih, and Maroun, 2009; Jones, 1987; Segal, Yablon, Lynch, and Jones, 1979). In bench press and pull-over exercises, hands are placed on a bar or dumbbells are held in hands. In the eccentric part of the bench press, the weight is lowered to the chest in a controlled motion. In pull-over, the weight is lowered in the over-head position. In both of these exercises, the weight forces the shoulder into abduction and external rotation. The humerus and forearm bones act as a long arm lever because the hands are placed on the bar or dumbbell, and they force the humeral head toward the anterior. This forceful motion is one of the most important causative factors for shoulder dislocation. In the case we presented, resistance straps were used on both sides although there was no weight in the hand during the movement.
Longitudinal assessments of strength and dynamic balance from pre-injury baseline to 3 and 4 months after labrum repairs in collegiate athletes
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Ling Li, Brenna K. McGuinness, Jacob S. Layer, Yu Song, Megan A. Jensen, Boyi Dai
Sports-related labrum tears are associated with the high-risk repetitive motion and excessive contact force to the shoulder in sports. For example, the most common type (i.e. superior labrum tear and biceps tendon stripping) of SLAP tears is likely caused by repetitive overhead motion (Modarresi, Motamedi, and Jude, 2011). A mechanism of this injury is an abducted and externally rotated shoulder at a high velocity with a strongly activated biceps muscle, which often occurs in baseball pitching, tennis stroking, and volleyball spiking (Modarresi, Motamedi, and Jude, 2011). One frequent non-SLAP tear is the Bankart lesions, mostly occurring as anteroinferior tears of glenoid labrum due to anterior glenohumeral dislocation (McCarty, Ritchie, Gill, and McFarland, 2004). The anterior dislocation likely results from excessive external rotation and abduction of the shoulder, which forces the humerus out of the glenoid socket, damaging anterior structures in the process (Cutts, Prempeh, and Drew, 2009). As such, contact sports and collision sports such as American football and wrestling have an increased risk of anterior glenohumeral dislocations and Bankart lesions (Cho, Hwang, and Rhee, 2006; Mazzocca et al., 2005).
MRI evaluation of shoulder pathologies in wheelchair users with spinal cord injury and the relation to shoulder pain
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2022
Ursina Arnet, Wiebe H. de Vries, Inge Eriks-Hoogland, Christian Wisianowsky, Lucas H. V. van der Woude, DirkJan H. E. J. Veeger, Markus Berger
The study information and a questionnaire were sent to individuals identified in the SwiSCI database who were fulfilling inclusion criteria (n = 311). The questionnaire included questions about the duration and intensity (numerical rating scale (NRS) 0–10) of shoulder pain in the past 3 months. Based on the intensity of shoulder pain, individuals who were willing to participate (n = 117) were allocated to having no/mild shoulder pain (NRS 0-3) or having shoulder pain (NRS 4-10). Out of this pool, individuals were selected and invited for participation based on lesion level (paraplegia, tetraplegia), sex and age. This was done in order to form matched pairs of persons with/without shoulder pain to prevent confounding from these variables (lesion level, sex, age). The selected participants (n = 52) were invited to the Swiss Paraplegic Center/Swiss Paraplegic Research to fill in a detailed questionnaire on presence and severity of shoulder pain (Wheelchair User Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI)) and for an MRI evaluation of their selected shoulder. In participants with pain, MRI evaluation was performed on the most affected shoulder. For each participant without pain the same shoulder was evaluated as for their matched partner.