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Surgery of the Shoulder
Published in Timothy W R Briggs, Jonathan Miles, William Aston, Heledd Havard, Daud TS Chou, Operative Orthopaedics, 2020
Nick Aresti, Omar Haddo, Mark Falworth
A barrel burr/shaver is used for bone resection. If the acromion has a lateral down-slope then a lateral bevel is performed. The decompression is then performed by excising the anterior acromion, from lateral to medial. The acromial branch of the coracoacromial vessel is at risk at this stage also. Anterior resection is usually approximately 4 mm (the width of the burr) or until the anterior deltoid attachment is reached. Medially, the resection is limited by the ACJ. The undersurface of the acromion is then chamfered, to smooth out any ridges (Figure 6.3).
Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder
Published in Andreas B. Imhoff, Jonathan B. Ticker, Augustus D. Mazzocca, Andreas Voss, Atlas of Advanced Shoulder Arthroscopy, 2017
Lucca Lacheta, Bastian Scheiderer
The acromion forms the “roof of the shoulder.” The mean distance between the apex of the humeral head and the acromion is 9–10 mm on anteroposterior (a.p.) radiographs.6 An acromiohumeral interval of less than 6 mm is pathological, indicating a rotator cuff tear.6
Injuries of the shoulder and upper arm
Published in Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse, Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
The injury is graded according to the type of ligament injury and the amount of displacement of the joint (Figure 24.6). Type I – This is an acute sprain of the acromiocla-vicular ligaments; the joint is undisplaced.Type II – The acromioclavicular ligaments are torn and the joint is subluxated with slight elevation of the clavicle.Type III – The acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments are torn and the joint is dislocated; the clavicle is elevated (or the acromion depressed) creating a visible and palpable ‘step’. Other types of displacement are less common, but occasionally the clavicle is displaced posteriorly (type IV), very markedly upwards (type V) or inferiorly beneath the coracoid process (type VI).
Acromioclavicular joint injuries at a Colorado ski resort
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2023
Naomi Kelley, Lauren Pierpoint, Jack Spittler, Morteza Khodaee
Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries (also known as separations or dislocations) are very common, accounting for up to forty percent of all shoulder injuries [1–4]. The AC joint is a diarthrodial joint where the clavicle can rotate and translate anteriorly, posteriorly and inferiorly in relation to its articulation with the acromion. The joint is composed of a meniscus-type structure of hyaline cartilage, surrounded by synovium [2]. Stability of the ACJ is provided horizontally by the acromioclavicular ligament, and vertically by the coracoacromial ligament. Although not directly attached to the acromion, two coracoclavicular ligaments (conoid and trapezoid ligaments) provide further vertical stability to the joint [5]. Overall, the anatomy of the ACJ provides resistance against significant forces.
Mechanisms of Modulation of Automatic Scapulothoracic Muscle Contraction Timings
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2021
Samuele Contemori, Roberto Panichi, Andrea Biscarini
Scapular movements in the transverse body plane, such as the retraction/protraction, result from precise and synchronized mechanics between the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints whose complete determination was, however, not accomplished in the present study. Nonetheless, we indexed the modification of the scapular position relative to the neutral posture, by quantifying the degrees of rotation of the clavicle in the transverse plane (i.e., around the vertical axis of the sterno-clavicular joint). To do that, we firstly computed an estimation of each participant’s length of the clavicle shaft from the distance between the acromion-mounted marker and a marker that was mounted on the jugular incisure of the sternum. We then computed degrees of rotation of the clavicle from the anterior-posterior and medio-lateral displacements of the acromion-marker, relative to the neutral scapular position. Although being far from an accurate delineation of the scapular kinematics, this measure provides an understating of the extent to which the participant modified the initial shoulder asset by either protracting or retracting the scapula.
Different Methods to Assess the Nutritional Status of Alzheimer Patients
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
Magdalena Martínez-Tomé, M Antonia Murcia, Claudia Rosario, Miguel Mariscal-Arcas, Antonia M Jiménez-Monreal
The height was determined with the subject’s head in the Frankfurt plane, taking measurements first thing in the morning. The subjects were measured in bare feet and light underwear. Biacromial diameter was measured by the observer standing behind the examinee, who was standing without support. The observer located the outermost edges of the acromial process by following the scapular spines laterally and forward. The bi-iliac diameter was obtained between the outer edges of the upper iliac bones. Mid-arm was measured at the level of the triceps skinfold and flexed mid-upper-arm circumference (midpoint between the acromion and the olecranon processes) was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm with the examinee’s right arm flexed 90° at the elbow. Waist circumference was measured in the standing position between the top iliac crest and the lower rib margin on each side. Hip circumference was measured in the horizontal plane at the level of the maximal extension of the buttocks. Calf circumference was measured at the level of maximum calf circumference, on the medial aspect of the calf (9).