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Gastroenterology
Published in Kristen Davies, Shadaba Ahmed, Core Conditions for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2020
Gastric cancer: Most commonly adenocarcinomas of the stomach. Risk factors include H. pylori colonisation, smoking, high nitrate diet (smoked foods), blood group A. Increased risk with pernicious anaemia.
Locally Advanced, Unresectable Gastric Cancer
Published in Savio George Barreto, Shailesh V. Shrikhande, Dilemmas in Abdominal Surgery, 2020
Manish S. Bhandare, Vikram A. Chaudhari, Shailesh V. Shrikhande
Common symptoms associated with locally advanced gastric cancer include vomiting and nausea, bleeding (hematemesis and/or melena), abdominal pain, lump in epigastric region, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, and early satiety. Patients with tumors at the gastroesophageal junction or proximal stomach might also present with dysphagia. A symptom complex is more suggestive of gastric cancer rather than a single sign or symptom.
Heterocyclic Drugs from Plants
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Debasish Bandyopadhyay, Valeria Garcia, Felipe Gonzalez
The most common type of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer, abbreviated as NSCLC. Subtypes of NSCLC include SCC, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, 2016). About 85% of lung cancer patients contain NSCLC (Lung cancer, 2018). On the other hand, about 10 to 15% of diagnosed lung cancers are SCLC. This leaves fewer than 5% to be lung carcinoid tumors, also called lung neuroendocrine tumors. Stomach cancer (gastric cancer) has the subtypes like adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and carcinoid tumor (American Cancer Society, 2017). In 2018, the ACS estimated about 26,240 stomach cancer cases would be diagnosed only in one country, the United States (Key Statistics for Stomach Cancer, 2018). In Figure 8.4. different heterocyclic cancer drugs (natural & semi-synthetic)are presented.
Diagnostic accuracy of linked colour imaging versus white light imaging for early gastric cancers: a prospective, multicentre, randomized controlled trial study
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Min Min, Xiaotian Sun, Jianying Bai, Qinsheng Zhang, Xiaocui Yang, Qiang Guo, Rong Wang, Bangmao Wang, Zhiwu Lv, Jie Pan, Chunmeng Jiang, Duanmin Hu, Bing Nong, Enqiang Linghu, Yan Liu
Gastric cancer is the seventh leading cause of death in China (1). The detection of gastric cancer at an early stage correlates with a good prognosis. However, the diagnosis of early gastric cancer (EGC) using conventional white light imaging (WLI) is occasionally difficult and has unsatisfactory sensitivity (2,3). Although new image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) techniques, such as narrow band imaging (NBI) and blue laser imaging (BLI), are more useful than conventional WLI in detecting and diagnosing EGC, their effectiveness is still criticized because they may not provide sufficient brightness for a thorough examination of organs with large luminal diameters, such as the stomach, making them inappropriate for screening endoscopy (4,5). Furthermore, the efficacy of IEE without magnification in the detection of EGC remains controversial. To date, valid screening procedures for EGC have been lacking, and perfect endoscopic methods for the detection of EGC remain difficult to implement in current clinical practice; there is an urgent need to resolve these issues.
Biomaterials for Helicobacter pylori therapy: therapeutic potential and future perspectives
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Yongkang Lai, Wei Wei, Yiqi Du, Jie Gao, Zhaoshen Li
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a gram-negative spiral-shaped bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucus and gastric epithelium, has been estimated to infect nearly 4.4 billion people worldwide.1 It was reported that H. pylori is usually acquired before the age of 10, and by inducing inflammation of the host in the gastric epithelium, H. pylori can cause a series of gastric diseases, including peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, atrophic gastritis, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.2–6 Additionally, H. pylori is closely associated with iron deficiency anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and vitamin B12 deficiency.7–9 In 2015, the Kyoto Global Consensus Report formally defined H. pylori as an infectious disease and recommended treatment for all patients with it because it plays an important role in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma.10 In addition, a nationwide multicenter study has also indicated H. pylori infection to be a high-risk factor for gastric cancer.6 An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials indicated that its eradication could reduce the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer by 46% and 39%, respectively.11 Furthermore, recent guidelines recommend the treatment of individuals infected with H. pylori to prevent gastric cancer.2,3,12 Therefore, the eradication of H. pylori from the global population is of great significance.
Solitary osteolytic skull metastasis as the only recurrence of advanced gastric cancer: a case report and literature review
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2022
Seongmin Cho, Jae Young Choi, Jong Yeol Kim, Kyung Won Seo, Hee Kyung Chang, Yong-Seok Park, Byung Sup Kim
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer mortality.1,2 The prognosis is generally poor because more than 40% of all patients with gastric cancer present with metastases.3–5 The overall 5-year survival rate is 7% for patients with stage IV gastric cancer and the systemic recurrence rate despite complete resection is 60%.6 Metastasis from gastric cancer typically occurs in the abdominal cavity, peritoneum, lymph nodes, and liver,7 whereas bone metastases are rare and only found in 1–11% of patients.8 Bone metastases frequently occur at multiple sites, and the most common site of metastases is the thoracolumbar vertebrae.9,10 Bone metastasis from gastric cancer can occasionally be the first manifestation of gastric cancer recurrence and it usually presents as the osteolytic type.8 Nakanishi et al. reported that bone metastases from gastric cancer occurred most frequently from stage III and IV tumors with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.10 There are few reports of skull metastasis from gastric cancer in the literature. To our knowledge, there are no reports of calvarial metastasis as a solitary osteolytic lesion from advanced well-differentiated adenocarcinoma.