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Nonmelanocytic Lesions
Published in Ashfaq A Marghoob, Ralph Braun, Natalia Jaimes, Atlas of Dermoscopy, 2023
Nicole Nagrani, Natalie M. Williams, Natalia Jaimes
Angiokeratomas are acquired benign vascular proliferations that result from the dilation of pre-existing blood vessels. Angiokeratomas present as solitary or clustered, red to violaceous, nonkeratotic papules, ranging from 2 to 10 mm in diameter. As they grow, they become dark red to blue colored and more firm, with a scaly surface or verrucous appearance.7 The most common variants include the solitary, multiple, and vulva or scrotum variants. The solitary and multiple variants are primarily found on the lower extremities but may present anywhere on the body; those located on the vulva or scrotum, also known as Fordyce spots, are usually multiple, red-to-purple, small papules of less than 5 mm. Other clinical variants include the angiokeratoma of Mibelli, which typically presents on the dorsal and lateral aspects of the fingers and toes of children and teenagers; the angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, characterized by multiple papules in a bathing trunk distribution (i.e., trunk and buttocks); and the angiokeratoma circumscriptum that appears in childhood as grouped or confluent papules on the trunk, arms, or legs.8 Clinically, angiokeratomas may appear similar to other vascular or nonvascular tumors such as melanocytic nevi, Spitz nevi, melanoma, pigmented basal cell carcinoma, seborrheic keratoses, and dermatofibromas. Histologically, angiokeratomas are characterized by dilated blood vessels in the papillary dermis and epidermal changes, including acanthosis and varying degrees of overlying hyperkeratosis.
Miscellaneous conditions affecting the genitalia
Published in Shiv Shanker Pareek, The Pictorial Atlas of Common Genito-Urinary Medicine, 2018
Fordyce papules, also called Fordyce spots, is a common skin disorder that presents as tiny yellowish spots on the genitals and other sites. It is non-infectious and groups of spots may recover spontaneously. Fordyce papules are thought to be an overgrowth of sebaceous glands that are not associated with hair follicles, but the exact cause of this condition is unknown.
Benign Oral and Dental Disease
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Konrad S. Staines, Alexander Crighton
The oral mucosa is not part of the developmental gut tube and is derived from the same elements that form the skin of the face. Various adaptations take place including the substitution of minor salivary glands for sebaceous glands. However, in some individuals the sebaceous glands still form in some areas and are visible through the mucosa as small yellow/white spots known as Fordyce spots. These are completely benign (Figure 42.7), most commonly seen on the buccal mucosa and the patient is normally unaware of them. They are also found on the lips in some individuals and women in particular, can find them a cosmetic problem.
Dermatological indications for the use of isotretinoin beyond acne
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Emily Forbat, Faisal R. Ali, Firas Al-Niaimi
Outcomes of photo-aging following treatment with systemic isotretinoin remain mixed. Two studies have demonstrated that 20 mg of isotretinoin daily, does not improve outcome in comparison to either topical retinoic acid or topical sunscreen, as assessed by histology and quality of life (QoL) scores (42,48). Whereas one case series demonstrated a statistically significant increase in collagen fibers, post-treatment with either 10 or 20 mg isotretinoin three times per week for 3 months, with overall skin improvement as a result (29). Interestingly, the use of isotretinoin has dichotomous outcomes in Fordyce spots in patients with associated acne, with some showing improvement in Fordyce spots, and others not (59).
Q-switched 532 nm Nd:YAG laser therapy for physiological lip hyperpigmentation: novel classification, efficacy, and safety
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Saad Altalhab, Mohammed Aljamal, Thamer Mubki, Naief AlNomair, Shoug Algoblan, Ammar Alalola, Mohammed I. AlJasser, Ahmed Alissa
Most of our study population had grade 1 hyperpigmentation (70%), followed by grade 2 (20%) and grade 3 (10%). Gingiva involvement and Fordyce spots were present in 40% and 7% of patients, respectively. Seventeen percent of our subjects received a previous treatment for lip hyperpigmentation such as hydroquinone cream.