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Dermatitides
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Allison Perz, Tara Jennings, Robert Duffy, Warren Heymann
Overview: SD may be an inflammatory response to the overgrowth of the normal skin yeast Malassezia; however, this has not been proved. Possible overactivity of the sebaceous glands may also play a contributory role. Severe cases of SD may be observed in patients with Parkinson disease or HIV infection.
Macronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Sweat or sebum. Sweat is secreted by sebaceous glands in humans. Sebaceous glands are holocrine glands found over the entire surface of the body except the palms, soles, and dorsum of the feet. They are abundant in the face and scalp where they are the sites of acne. The normal function of sebaceous glands is to produce and secrete sebum, a group of complex oils including triglycerides and fatty acid breakdown products, wax esters, squalene, cholesterol esters, and cholesterol (139).
An introduction to skin and skin disease
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
The hair shaft grows from highly active, modified epidermal tissue known as the hair matrix. The shaft traverses the hair follicle canal, which is made up of a series of investing epidermal sheaths, the most prominent of which is the external root sheath (Figure 1.5). The whole follicular structure is nourished by a small, indenting cellular and vascular connective tissue papilla, which pokes into the base of the matrix. The sebaceous gland secretes into the hair canal a lipid-rich substance known as sebum, whose function is to lubricate the hair. Sebum contains triglycerides, cholesterol esters, wax esters, and squalene. Hair growth and sebum secretion are mainly under the control of androgens, although other physiological variables may also influence these functions.
Reverse masquerade: primary eyelid amyloidosis mimicking sebaceous gland carcinoma
Published in Orbit, 2022
A 45-year-old male presented with a gradually enlarging mass on the right upper lid for the past 2 years. Examination showed a small nodular mass on the right upper eyelid margin with loss of eyelashes in that area (Figure 1A). On everting the eyelid, there was telengiectasia, effacement of meibomian duct openings and distorted eyelid architecture (Figure 1B). A clinical diagnosis of sebaceous gland carcinoma was made and excision biopsy under frozen section was performed. Frozen section showed deposition of eosinophilic material without any tumor cells, suggestive of amyloid. The lesion was completely excised and the eyelid was reconstructed in the same sitting. Permanent section revealed deposition of amorphous eosinophilic material in the dermis surrounding the blood vessels and adnexal structures (Figure 1C); positive staining for Congo red along with apple green birefringence on polarized microscopy (Figure 1D). A diagnosis of eyelid amyloidosis was made. Screening for systemic amyloidosis turned out to be negative. Amyloidosis is a localized or systemic deposition of insoluble, amorphous, misfolded protein arranged in a β pleated sheet fashion. Orbital and adnexal amyloidosis is extremely rare with eyelids, extraocular muscles and conjunctiva being the most common site.
Research progress in strategies to improve the efficacy and safety of doxorubicin for cancer chemotherapy
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2021
Muhammad Sohail, Zheng Sun, Yanli Li, Xuejing Gu, Hui Xu
One of the most debilitating side effects of DOX chemotherapy is alopecia, often accompanied by skin dryness. Freeform drug substance acts on rapidly dividing cells including hair matrix cells (stem cells of hair continue to divide throughout the life to produce new hairs). Sebaceous gland shrinkage and, in some cases, complete removal could be triggered. This apparent damage and disappearance precede DOX-induced hair loss since the significance of the sebaceous gland in hair follicle regulation, DOX-induced involution of this gland may be linked to hair loss [18]. Another study found that DOX inhibits hair follicle-associated angiogenesis, which could play a significant role in chemotherapy-induced alopecia and dystrophy [19]. Nano-formulations that preferably deliver the drug to the target cancer cells would minimize the amount of free drug in other tissues and have the potential to reduce or even vanish some significant adverse side effects of DOX therapy, including cardiotoxicity, alopecia and, doesn’t affect the other cells of the body [17].
Efficacy of a one-session fractional picosecond 1064-nm laser for the treatment of atrophic acne scar and enlarged facial pores
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2021
Thanaporn Puaratanaarunkon, Pravit Asawanonda
Uneven skin texture has raised significant aesthetic concerns and can be a source of a negative impact on psychosocial well-being of individuals. In particular, acne vulgaris or acne prone skin patients who have high activity of sebaceous glands mostly deal with the disruption of skin surface, ranging from minimal visible depression from enlarged pores to more obvious disfigurement, like acne scar. High amounts of sebum excretion prominently enlarges the facial pores, which represent an opening of pilosebaceous units (1). These dynamic structures are also influenced by various factors including ethnicity, sex hormones, loss of elasticity and increased hair follicle volume (2,3). The prevalence of conspicuous pores is high among acne-prone patients owing to the hyperkeratinization process, which is one of the causes of pore formation. Furthermore, the inflammation of acne combined with the damage of elastic and collagen fibers induce fibrosis and a change in skin texture ultimately resulting in acne scar (4).