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Metabolic Syndrome
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
There are preventive measures for metabolic syndrome, as well as measures to improve the condition. Prevention is a primary goal. Abdominal obesity must be decreased or prevented as a key factor in relation to metabolic syndrome. There must be an improved-quality diet and increased physical activity for weight loss, as well as prevention of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Blood pressure must be lowered to less than 140/90 mm Hg ideally. The DASH diet, meaning dietary approaches to stop hypertension, helps assist in this process, along with lifestyle modifications.
Weight and health
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
A European adult may be classified as having abdominal obesity if their waist circumference is more than 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women. Bates and colleagues selected a sample of people with an ethnic mix that broadly represented the population of England and found waist circumference was greater among older adults (Bates et al., 2019) (Table 12.8).
Work stress induced weight gain in construction
Published in Imriyas Kamardeen, Work Stress Induced Chronic Diseases in Construction, 2021
When an individual perceives stress, HPA axis sends signals to the adrenal glands to secrete the hormone cortisol, which triggers processes that lead to overweight/obesity; i.e., (1) cortisol increases appetite and the motivation to eat (Epel et al. 2001), and (2) cortisol directly promotes fat deposition, particularly in the abdominal region (Björntorp 2001; Shibli-Rahhal, Van Beek and Schlechte 2006). Abdominal obesity is a toxic form of fat deposition that contributes to poor metabolic (insulin resistance) and cardiovascular health (Després, Lemieux and Prud’homme 2001).
Association between the serum vitamin D level and prevalence of obesity/abdominal obesity in women with infertility: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2023
Jinyan Zhao, Shengyu Fu, Qing Chen
There is no doubt that obesity and infertility are two major global public health epidemics, and both incidence rates are on an upward trend [1–4]. Obesity now affects more than 600 million adults worldwide and more than 20 percent of American women of childbearing age [5, 6]. Obesity and abdominal obesity contribute to a variety of chronic diseases [7]. Meanwhile, obesity and abdominal obesity have multifaceted negative effects on reproductive potential, ranging from menstrual irregularity, endometrial pathology, oocyte, embryo, to infertility [8–10]. Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sexual involvement. About 15 percent of the world’s population suffers from infertility [11]. In the United States, approximately 12.7 percent of women of childbearing age seek fertility treatment each year [12]. To reduce the impact of obesity on infertility, weight loss is the first-line treatment for infertile patients.
COVID-19: quarantine, isolation, and lifestyle diseases
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Heena Rehman, Md Iftekhar Ahmad
A central feature of the management of all the lifestyle diseases is regular physical activity. The physical activity is classified into four principal types, namely – stretching, strengthening (bone and muscles), and aerobics. Physical activity facilitates improvement in insulin sensitivity, uptake of glucose by muscles, and control over sugar. People with prediabetes are suggested to engage in 60 min of aerobic activity daily. Physical activity is the best approach for the management of weight. Weight loss can be achieved by combining restricted energy and physical activity. Regular physical activity helps in reducing abdominal obesity (Kim and Lee 2009), leading to changes in insulin resistance and blood pressure. Since the quarantine has resulted in restricted outdoor movements. Several other ways can be incorporated which helps in energy expenditure such as taking stairs instead of elevator (Blamey et al. 1995), walking while talking on the phone, and raking the leaves instead of using the blower. The ancient Chinese practices such as Qi gong and Tai chi helps in controlling the muscles (Jahnke et al. 2010). Dancing is another way of maintaining a healthy body which includes both the ballroom dancing and aerobic dancing. Jumping rope helps in burning extra calories and is categorised in aerobic activities.
Evaluation of the Relation between Compliance with Mediterranean Diet and Quality of Life of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Meltem Kudret, Fatma Nişancı Kılınç, Sevilay Karahan
The anthropometric measurements of patients (ie., stature, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference) were taken, and obesity conditions were determined. BMI <18.5 kg/m2 was considered to be underweight, 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 was considered to be normal, 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 was considered to be overweight, and ≥30.0 kg/m2 was considered to be obese (8). Waist circumference and waist/hip and waist/height ratios were used in determining abdominal obesity. In females, ≥80cm waist circumference was considered to be a risk, and ≥94 cm was considered to be a risk in males; ≥88 cm was considered to be a high risk in females, and ≥102cm high risk in males. If the waist/hip ratio was 1.0 in males, and 0.8 in females, it was considered abdominal obesity (9) (if the waist/length ratio is <0.4, it is risky; 0.4–0.5 normal; and 0.5–0.6 is risky, >0.6 and requires treatment (10)). Metabolic control was done according to HbA1c, and HbA1c <6.5% was grouped as “good”, 6.5–7.5% “at the limit”, and 7.5% “bad” (3).