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Introduction
Published in Ming-Fa Lin, Wen-Dung Hsu, Green Energy Materials Handbook, 2019
Jow-Lay Huang, Chi-Cheng Chiu, Shih-Yang Lin, Chin-Lung Kuo, Duy Khanh Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh Thuy Tran, Wen-Dung Hsu, Chia-Chin Chang, Jeng-Shiung Jan, Hsisheng Teng, Chia-Yun Chen, I-Ming Hung, Peter Chen, Yuh-Lang Lee, Ming-Fa Lin
A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photoelectrochemical system, also known as the Gratzel cell, based on the photosensitized anode, electrolyte, and cathode.157–160 The most attractive feature of the DSSC is the simple manufacture process based on roll-printing techniques,161 which provides a variety of uses applicable not only to glass-based systems but also to the polymer-based substrate, and the most of the materials used are low cost. One important factor affecting the conversion efficiency of DSSC is the surface area and morphology of anode material.162–168 In this chapter, nanostructures such as nanofibers and nanoforests offer a large surface area for dye adsorption and/or a direct pathway for electron transport, which improve the conversion efficiency of DSSC.
Processing of Nanocomposite Solar Cells in Optical Applications
Published in Kaushik Pal, Hybrid Nanocomposites, 2019
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are considered to be next-generation devices because of their reasonable PCE and manufacturing ease. To enhance efficiency and minimize the device cost, DSSCs are modified. For this purpose different materials and their nanocomposites for dye, photoanode, electrolyte, and cathode are used [19]. Organic and inorganic nanocomposites are considered to be a promising choice for applications in devices like photodiodes, gas sensors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and PV cells [20]. The exciton dissociation efficiency is determined by the morphology and charge transport properties of composites in solar cells. They are also responsible for the performance of bulk heterojunction solar cells. The fabrication conditions of solar cells have an impact on device performance and carrier mobility. Additionally, properties of bulk heterojunction devices are extremely dependent on film morphology. However, film morphology does not affect the performance of nanocomposite-based devices to a large extent [21].
Photovoltaics
Published in Sheila Devasahayam, Kim Dowling, Manoj K. Mahapatra, Sustainability in the Mineral and Energy Sectors, 2016
Venkata Manthina, Alexander Agrios, Shahzada Ahmad
The dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a nanotechnology-based PV device that represents a radical departure from previous technologies for solar energy conversion. Early work by Tributsch and others (Gerischer et al., 1968; Tributsch, 1972) established that certain dye molecules (by definition, molecules that absorb visible light) adsorbed onto a titanium dioxide (TiO2) surface can, following photoexcitation, inject the photoexcited electron into the TiO2, whence the electron can be extracted as current. However, the current was minimal due to the poor light harvesting efficiency of a molecular layer of dye. Further work toward a working device was pursued by Grätzel (Desilvestro et al., 1985; Kalyanasundaram et al., 1987; Vlachopoulos et al., 1988; O’Regan et al., 1990), including using a rough TiO2 surface to increase the interfacial contact area between the TiO2 and dye, but efficiencies remained very low. The culmination was a breakthrough (O’Regan and Grätzel, 1991) in which the flat TiO2 was replaced by a mesoporous film, about 10 µm thick, of nanoparticles (ca. 20 nm in diameter) of TiO2. This increases the interfacial area by three orders of magnitude compared to a flat film and allows a corresponding increase in the amount of dye that can be present and in contact with TiO2.
Performance of Pandannus amaryllifolius dye on zinc oxide nanoflakes synthesized via electrochemical anodization method
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2023
N. A. Asli, S. Z. Zainol, K. M. Yusoff, N. E. A. Azhar, M. Z. Nurfazianawatie, H. Omar, N. F. Rosman, N. S. A. Malek, R. Md Akhir, I. Buniyamin, Z. Khusaimi, M. F. Malek, N. D. Md Sin, M. Rusop
As indicated by Gong et.al.,[3] dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are devices generated from semiconductor dyes to convert solar energy into electricity. They are more likely to be commercially feasible and cheaper than the existing solar semiconductor silicon cells currently in the market. Overall, semiconductor solar cells play the role of light absorption and charge carrier transport, which are separately regulated in the DSSCs, as reported.[4] The DSSC consists of electrolyte, metal oxide, dye, light, and electrodes. Specifically, the metal oxide particle is a semiconductor that acts as a layer for the dye molecules to lighten the adhesion and transmit the electrons from the dye to the anode. Metal oxide particles with wider energy bands (more than 3 eV), such as zinc oxide (ZnO) are used in this component. Dye-sensitive light is a part that serves as the source of the DSSC and stimulates the electrons to absorb sunlight.[3] Photoanode, which is one of DSSC electrodes, is prepared through dye adsorption on the surface of the ZnO layer.
The TiO2 films with sandwich-type polyoxometalates in dye sensitized solar cells with electron recombination decreasing and dye adsorption increasing
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Tuo Ji, Di Wu, Xiaowen Zhang, Yue Zhao, Kaicheng Xu
Energy and environmental are major global issues. An important way to solve these problems is to make extensive use of solar energy, especially solar cell technology [1–5]. First-generation photovoltaic power generation based on crystalline silicon solar cells has accounted for the largest proportion of the market [6, 7], but it is still limited by the complex process and high cost. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are a photovoltaic cell that simulates photosynthesis in nature. DSSCs have advantages of environmental friendliness, low cost, and wide source of starting materials, so they have great potential [8, 9]. The technology of DSSCs is relatively simple, advantageous in large-scale industrial production. Since the first DSSC was designed and completed by Michael Grätzel, Brian O'Regan and their team in 1991 [10], innovative research by many scientists has greatly improved the performance, manufacturing process and battery efficiency of DSSCs [11–13].
Synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic studies of 2,2′;6′,2ʺ-terpyridine-based ruthenium complexes with phenylamino, anthranyl and furfuryl substitutions at the 4′-position
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2021
Binitendra Naath Mongal, Sayantani Bhattacharya, Tarun Kanti Mandal, Jayati Datta, Subhendu Naskar
Among recent developments, dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) technology is of the greatest potential for commercial purposes as these types of solar cells are easy to fabricate, have low production costs and can be produced as flexible modules. As the processes of charge separation and charge collection and its subsequent transport is achieved by two different components namely the photosensitizer and the semiconductor, respectively, all developments of the third generation solar cells can easily be incorporated in DSSCs [3–5]. There are many kinds of dyes in the purview of researchers but all have some merits as well as demerits of their own. Among organic dyes, porphyrins and metal chelates the polypyridyl based ruthenium complexes are still the most promising photosensitizers used in DSSCs and DSPECs [6–8]. Henceforth majority of photosensitizer dyes for applications in DSSCs were based on the N3 and N719 dye motifs [9, 10]. A terpyridyl motif-based Ru dye with three thiocyanate groups coded as N749 (Black Dye) [tri(cyanato)-2;2′;2ʺ-terpyridyl-4;4′;4ʺ-tricarboxylate)ruthenium(II)] was proved to exhibit better near-IR photoresponse than the N3 dye [11, 12]. A number of dyes have been reported based on the “black dye” framework [13–38]. Further modifications of the electronic properties of dyes were achieved by (a) modifying anchoring ligands with spacers to reduce electron recombination at dye-semiconductor interface [25], (b) incorporating cyclometalated ligands for thiocyanate free dyes [39–48] and (c) incorporating co-ligands with bulky substitutions to prevent direct charge recombination between semiconductor/electrolyte [22, 24].