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Published in Robert Mather, John Wilson, Solar Textiles, 2023
It is also worth considering the decommissioning of a solar textile fabric at the end of its operational lifetime. The life expectancy of conventional solar cells is considered to be about 30 years, although it may be a little longer where reduced PV efficiency is acceptable. There is, therefore, the real danger that millions of tonnes of PV waste could have been committed to landfill by 2050. The lifetimes of solar textiles would be expected to be similar, provided that the textile fabric base remains stable over this period. Clearly, more environmentally acceptable alternatives have to be sought, and these alternatives need to become standard practice within the next 10–20 years.
Evolutionary Computation Framework for Handling Resource and Optimization of Solar Energy Harvesting System for WSN
Published in R.S. Chauhan, Kavita Taneja, Rajiv Khanduja, Vishal Kamra, Rahul Rattan, Evolutionary Computation with Intelligent Systems, 2022
where Vm is the solar cell’s maximum voltage and Im is the maximum current. There are practically many kinds of solar cells, like amorphous silicon solar cells (a-Si), monocrystalline silicon solar cells (c-Si), thin-film solar cells (TFSCs), polycrystalline solar cells (multi-Si), etc. But the productivity of a-Si solar cells is greater than any other efficiency till 18%.
Organic–Inorganic Heterojunction Nanowires
Published in Ye Zhou, Optoelectronic Organic–Inorganic Semiconductor Heterojunctions, 2021
Solar cells are electronic devices that absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity, making them more environmentally friendly than conventional batteries and charge–discharge batteries. Due to its low cost, simple preparation and high stability, organic–inorganic hybrid thin-film solar cells have attracted much attention [11].
A conceptual design of a solar powered UAV and assessment for continental climate flight conditions
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2022
Irem Turk, Emre Ozbek, Selcuk Ekici, T. Hikmet Karakoc
The most basic energy source for solar-powered UAVs is solar cells. Sunlight consists of energy packets called photons. Solar cells convert the energy of photons into electrical energy. Their performance varies according to their production patterns. A simple silicon solar cell is represented by two doped semiconductor layers; p-type and n-type, shown in Figure 9. When sunlight hits the surface of the solar cell, the cell forms charge carriers as electrons and holes. The inner field generated by the junction separates a number of positive charges (holes) from negative charges (electrons). The spaces go toward positive or p-type, and the electrons go toward negative or n-type. Free electrons have to pass through the charge to reunite with positive holes.
Theoretical investigation of the nitrogen-heterocyclic as π-linker in diphenylthienylamine-based dyes adsorbed on TiO2 nanotubes for DSSCs applications
Published in Molecular Physics, 2021
Ohoud S. Al-Qurashi, Nuha Wazzan
Solar cells are one of the most important renewable energies due to less influence on the environment in comparison to the other renewable sources. Solar cells evolved over three generations: the first generation was silicon-based photovoltaic cells reported by Fuller, Chapin, and Pearson in 1954 [1]. Secondly, thin-film solar cells such as amorphous silicon (a-Si) [2] and cadmium telluride (CdTe) [3]. Then finally, third-generation cells are less developed in terms of commercialisation. This generation includes concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) [4], polymer solar cells (PSC) [5], and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) discovered by O'Regan and Grätzel in 1991 [6]. DSSC usually composes the following parts: (1) transparent conductive oxide (TCO) support, (2) photosensitizer, (3) semiconductor electrode, (4) electrolyte, and (5) a counter electrode.
A game theoretic incentive model for closed-loop solar cell supply chain by considering government role
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Maedeh Kharaji Manouchehrabadi, Saeed Yaghoubi
Due to the fact that solar cells are accounted for as one of the clean and green resources, they are known as eco-friendly products. Enjoying from an inexpensive, nonpolluting, abundant, and unique natural resource of clear energy is considered as the major advantage of solar energy. Besides, thanks to the low costs of distributed power generation, operating, and maintenance of solar energy compared to the costs of other renewable energies, energy generation from this system has been more considered. Owing to the cost problems, the environmental impacts, and the limited natural resources, some countries are being recycled eco-friendly products (such as solar cells). Also, to reduce the costs and the energy payback time of the solar cells, the solar cell industry is trying to recycle solar cell scraps, the ingot wastes, and the wastes from the wafer production (Klugmann-Radziemska et al. 2010). As a matter of fact, since the price of raw material to the wafer is increasing, the chain members are trying to develop methods to recycle wafers from the solar panels. Generally, two steps are required for recycling solar cells: PV solar cells should be separated and then, the surface of the PV solar cell should be cleaned (C.P. Bronsveld et al. 2013).