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Technological Development
Published in Edward Y. Uechi, Business Automation and Its Effect on the Labor Force, 2023
An electronic part that can be integrated into a machine is a sensor, which is a device that converts a physical property into an electrical signal. Such a device can perform like a switch to control how the electronic circuit operates. Instead of having a physical switch where a person has to turn the circuit on or off, a sensor is connected to detect automatically any change to an external property that it is designed to capture. A light sensor, for instance, captures the presence and amount of light and converts that energy into an electronic input to tell another component in the circuit what to do. The change from darkness to light could tell the circuit to sound an alarm, for example. A solar panel uses photovoltaic cells, which are light sensors, to convert sunlight into voltage. The sensor uses specialized sensitive material to detect the physical property of sunlight.
Green Six Sigma and Retrofitting Buildings
Published in Ron Basu, The Green Six Sigma Handbook, 2023
The most genuine method of using a source of renewable energy for a household is to consider domestic solar energy. As explained in Chapter 7, solar panels, also known as photovoltaic systems (PV systems), convert the sun’s energy into electricity that can power our households. The system uses semiconductor technology to convert energy from sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity. This current is then passed through an inverter to convert it into an alternating current (AC). As shown in Figure 21.4 the system can be either grid connected or stand alone.
Solar Markets in the 21st Century
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Solar Technologies for the 21st Century, 2021
Third-party residential solar installations and financing is a new market niche that is growing exponentially in the US. Third-party financiers eliminate the upfront cost of solar panels to customers. Customers can install solar panels for no money down and pay just for the solar electricity they produce at prices below utility rates. The third parties (or their partners) manage the process of permitting, installation and long-term O&M under a set of strict conditions.
Self-restrained energy grid with data analysis and blockchain techniques
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
The industries confiding in traditional power stations are hesitant to pursue renewable power sources because of their dubious nature. This aspect may affect production and results in a considerable loss. Instead of completely committing to renewable energy, some industries take in the solar and windmill stations as a support system for the powerhouse. But in most of these situations, the resource utilization is not up to the mark, and the maintenance makes it costly. In terms of domestic usage, the average electricity usage of a home in India is nearly 90 units per month. A 1 kw solar panel cost around Rs.35000, which produces 3–5 units of energy per day. And to support the grid 150Ah battery can be used, which costs around Rs. 12000. The total solar energy system for average household usage, including inverter and cables, costs approximately Rs.9000 for a completely off-grid system. The effective utilization of this grid is required to regain the invested money hastily. These power systems were purely dependent upon the environmental conditions such as daylight for solar panels and wind flow for wind turbines. Therefore, there is a high risk of outages. Because of this attribute, there is a high need for an energy storage system. The installation cost of solar panels and wind turbines is higher but profitable in the long run. The enhancement of the grid architecture in the security and performance aspects with the latest available technologies is this secure self-restrained energy grid.
Regional difference of residential solar panel diffusion in Queensland, Australia
Published in Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2020
Haifeng Lan, Zhonghua Gou, Bin Cheng
The governments across the world have provided numerous incentives and subsidies to promote the development of residential solar panels, aiming to achieve the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change (Kobashi and Yarime 2019; Allison Ball et al. 2018; IRENA 2019; Yan et al. 2019). In recent years, the residential solar panel market has witnessed a rapid growth (IRENA 2019). Along with the rapid growth, regional differences in solar panel adoption have been found across the world. For example, in the U.S., West Coast and East Coast states have a higher rate and capacity of solar panel installation than inland states (Sigrin, Pless, and Drury 2015). In China, the areas in the Southeast have a higher adoption rate than the North-eastern and Inland areas (Zhang and Yongxiu 2013). In Australia, Queensland and Western Australia states have significantly higher installation rates than other states (Chapman, McLellan, and Tezuka 2016).
Energy audit and optimal power supply for a commercial building in Nigeria
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
Adeyinka Ajao Adewale, Aderibigbe Israel Adekitan, Ofukowoicho Jeremiah Idoko, Felix Ayoade Agbetuyi, Isaac Adekunle Samuel
To analyse the cost requirement of a typical PV system, it is vital to evaluate the lifespan of the solar PV system. According to the Renewable Energy Hub UK, a solar panel has an average life span of 25 years, and it is often sold with a limited product warranty of 10 years (labour and materials) and 25 years of limited power warranty (usually 25 years at 80% and 10 years at 90% continuous power output). Materials used and workmanship have a warranty of 1–2 years, and there is a battery warranty of 5–15 years for non-grid systems and hybrids. The warranty on inverters varies between 5 and 10 years. For the maintenance cost of the solar PV system, only two major things need to be considered over the 25 years; and these are the inverter maintenance and cleaning of the solar PV every 6 months. A cost estimate for setting up the solar PV system, based on the design parameters, is presented in Table 2.