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End Life Cycle Recycling Policy Framework for Commercially Available Solar Photovoltaic Modules and Their Environmental Impacts
Published in Satya Bir Singh, Prabhat Ranjan, Alexander V. Vakhrushev, A. K. Haghi, Mechatronic Systems Design and Solid Materials, 2021
Manisha Sheoran, Pancham Kumar, Susheela Sharma
The advantageous impact is assessed by the use of photovoltaic technology to combat the harmful effects of the conventional resources on the environment like pollution, increased global temperature. The disadvantageous impact is due to the decommissioning and manufacturing of the photovoltaic panels. Increasing energy demands all over the world have led to the discovery of new energy sources after the uncontrolled use of conventional energy sources. Solar photovoltaic technology has emerged as the most promising technology to improve the energy security and to mitigate the climate changes. PV technology has emerged as a clean energy source, so its proper end of life treatment is a concerning issue migration towards an environmentally friendly resource from the conventional resource is the key step for the putting an end to the greenhouse gaseous emissions.
Distributed Generation
Published in Barney L. Capehart, Wayne C. Turner, William J. Kennedy, Guide to Energy Management, 2020
Barney L. Capehart, Wayne C. Turner, William J. Kennedy
A photovoltaic (PV) cell converts sunlight into electricity. Sunlight is composed of particles of solar energy called photons. These photons contain various amounts of energy corresponding to the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum. When photons strike a PV cell, they may be reflected or absorbed, or they may pass right through. Only the absorbed photons generate electricity. When a photon is absorbed, its energy is transferred to an electron in an atom of the PV cell (which is actually a semiconductor). With this new energy, the electron can escape from its normal position and become part of the current in an electric circuit. By leaving this position, the electron causes a “hole” to form. A special electric property of the PV cell—a built-in electric field—provides the voltage needed to drive the current through an external load (such as a light bulb).
Distributed Generation
Published in Barney L. Capehart, William J. Kennedy, Wayne C. Turner, Guide to Energy Management, 2020
Barney L. Capehart, William J. Kennedy, Wayne C. Turner
A photovoltaic (PV) cell converts sunlight into electricity. Sunlight is composed of particles of solar energy called photons. These photons contain various amounts of energy corresponding to the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum. When photons strike a PV cell, they may be reflected or absorbed, or they may pass right through. Only the absorbed photons generate electricity. When a photon is absorbed, its energy is transferred to an electron in an atom of the PV cell (which is actually a semiconductor). With this new energy, the electron can escape from its normal position and become part of the current in an electric circuit. By leaving this position, the electron causes a “hole” to form. A special electric property of the PV cell—a built-in electric field—provides the voltage needed to drive the current through an external load (such as a light bulb).
Building-integrated solar photovoltaic thermal (BIPVT) technology: a review on the design innovations, aesthetic values, performance limits, storage options and policies
Published in Advances in Building Energy Research, 2023
Solar is a natural, inexpensive and clean form of energy in renewable energy that is harnessed to provide illumination, heating applications and electricity. For heating applications (such as room heating, water heating, desalination and drying process) thermal energy is derived from solar thermal technology (Guney, 2016). Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is widely practised to utilize solar energy for the generation of electricity. Solar thermal energy in the buildings of some of the selective nations is shown in Figure 2 which reveals that solar thermal energy utilization would be around 13 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) during 2018–2023 (IEA, 2023). The trend of universal installed capacity of solar PV electricity and solar thermal energy utilization generation since 1990 is depicted in Figure 3 (https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/renewables-information; https://www.iea.org/fuels-and-technologies/renewables). The globally installed solar PV electricity generation during the last decade had increased exponentially 6,90,000 GWh in 2019. Global heat generation using solar thermal technology also has witnessed an exponential increase during the last decade with a present global heat generation with solar energy of about 2385 TJ.
A review on the influence of carbon nanotube parameters in the base fluid to increase heat transfer in the solar collector
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Vinayak Talugeri, Veeranna B. Nasi, P. B. Nagaraj
The use of renewable energy sources for power generation is taking a leading role across the globe and solar energy is one of the promising options for renewable energy sources. Solar energy conversion is done by direct method and indirect method. In the direct method, photovoltaic cells are employed to convert solar energy into electric energy. The energy conversion efficiency in the photovoltaic cell is about 12–16%, but still, it demands new technology to improve its efficiency. In the indirect method, solar energy is treasured in the fluids like water, oil, ethanol, etc. with the abet of solar collectors. Solar collectors are devices that transform solar radiation into heat and transfer that heat to a fluid medium. Both flat plate and concentrating collectors are used for energy conversion. The concentrating collectors focus the radiation on an axis or a point and are used for power generation and other industrial applications where the temperature required is above 100°C.
Experimental study on photovoltaic/thermal system performance based on microencapsulated phase change material slurry
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Liting Tian, Jianzhen Liu, Zhuanzhuan Wu, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Jin Wang
A continuous increase in global CO2 emissions has resulted from global energy consumption for coal, natural gas, and oil, which shows a serious impact on the environment. Among renewable energy sources, solar energy is not only widely distributed and available but also pollution-free and safe to use. The technology development for solar energy utilization has risen to the top of priority list for renewable energy sources (Liu et al. 2017). Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is a technology of solar energy utilization, and the PV cells will convert solar energy into electricity when exposed to sunlight. Only a small portion of solar energy can be converted to electricity, and the remainder is transformed into thermal energy in the form of direct usage and heat dissipation into the environment. The temperature of the PV cell increases by 1°C and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is reduced by 0.45%–0.5% (Hu et al. 2018). The photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) technology is proposed to let fluid in pipes remove the heat from the backside of the PV panels, which reduces the PV cell temperature and improves the electrical efficiency.