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Importance of Hydrological and Meteorological Measurements and Observations in the Implementation of the Paris Agreement and the Katowice Climate Package
Published in Saeid Eslamian, Faezeh Eslamian, Flood Handbook, 2022
The main objective of the Paris Agreement is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by maintaining global temperature rise in this century at much less than 2° C above pre-industrial levels and continuing the efforts to limit the temperature rise even to 1.5° C. In addition, the agreement aims to increase the capacity of countries to cope with the impact of climate change and to ensure that financial flows are consistent with low greenhouse gas emissions and resilience to climate change. To achieve these goals, appropriate mobilization and funding, a new technological framework, and strengthened capacity building should be established, thus supporting the activities of developing and most vulnerable countries, in accordance with their own national goals. The agreement also provides for an improved transparency framework for the actions taken and provided support.
Plant-microbe Interaction in Attenuation of the Toxic Waste in the Ecosystem
Published in Vivek Kumar, Rhizomicrobiome Dynamics in Bioremediation, 2021
Mary Isabella Sonali, Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy
Climate comprises two key features, temperature and rainfall, which indirectly affect the soil fertility and its productivity. The climate varies from region to region and thus the soil fertility, as the amount of moisture content in the soil also varies. Temperature also affects plant diversity as it also influences the microbiome of the soil and the organic matter content. The arid region usually lacks the topsoil, which provides mechanical support to the plant; hence, the arid region has sparse plant diversity (Sherchan et al. 2005). Apart from temperature and rainfall, greenhouse gases also alter the vegetation of the plant. Greenhouse gases are usually emitted during the combustion of fuel, industrialization, urbanization, and deforestation. These greenhouse gases get into the atmosphere, cause a drastic decrease in plant diversity and affect the temperature of the environment (Pathak et al. 2003).
Climate Change and Global Warming
Published in Mary K. Theodore, Louis Theodore, Introduction to Environmental Management, 2021
Mary K. Theodore, Louis Theodore
The “greenhouse effect” is a phrase properly used to describe the increased warming of the Earth due to increased levels of carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases, called greenhouse gases (GHGs). Just as the glass in a botanical greenhouse traps heat for growing plants, GHGs trap heat and warm the planet. The greenhouse effect, a natural phenomenon, has been an essential part of Earth’s history for billions of years. The greenhouse effect is the result of a delicate and non-fixed balance between life and the environment. Yet, the greenhouse effect may be leading the planet to the brink of disaster. Since the Industrial Revolution, the presence of additional quantities of GHGs threatens to affect global climate and the predicted effects of this increase are still debated among scientists.
Long-term energy-environment-economic programming under carbon neutrality target: a study on China’s regional energy transition pathways and CO2 mitigation strategies
Published in Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2023
Menglin Liu, Jiangtao Wu, Zhikai Lang, Xianyang Meng
Global climate change becomes increasingly severe over the past century, which is a profound challenge to world development and human survival. Climate change not only reflects the issues of the climate system itself but also affects the political, economic, and energy spheres (Hickmann et al. 2019). In response to the global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), the Paris Agreement was signed by 178 countries in 2015 proposing that “the global temperature increase will be controlled within 2°C, pursuing to limit 1.5°C” (UNFCCC 2015). Under such a commitment, the global CO2 is required to hit zero emission around 2050 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which is also known as “reaching carbon neutrality” (Oghenekaro and Kant 2022). Since 90% of carbon emissions originate from fuel combustion as well as industrial processes (IEA 2021), it can be concluded that the energy sector is crucial in the process of achieving carbon neutrality. Nevertheless, carbon neutrality will inevitably have an impact on economic development as stimulating economic growth leads to rapidly increasing energy demand (Semieniuk et al. 2021). As the largest carbon emitter and energy consumer in the world (BP 2021), China has been under tremendous international and domestic pressures to control its carbon emissions (Cai et al. 2023). In September 2020, the carbon peaking- carbon neutrality targets were presented by the Chinese government. Therefore, it is of great significance for China to achieve carbon neutrality without severely impeding economic growth in the future.
A novel intelligent hybrid algorithm for maximum power point tracking in PV system
Published in International Journal of Electronics, 2023
Parisa Mohebbi, Rahmat Aazami, Amin Moradkhani, Saeed Danyali
In recent years, the increasing use of new and renewable energy to support the electricity industry has received much attention by authorities, with the motive of high energy consumption in the world, which is increasing with the continuous improvement of the global economy and human standard of living. Among the sources of energy consumption, the primary energy obtained from fossil fuels has high consumption and as non-renewable energy, their reserves are increasingly lost. Greenhouse gas emissions have risen sharply in recent decades, and are also increased continuously in future. High amounts of greenhouse gases lead to global warming, which has adverse effect on the planet. Therefore, it is necessary to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy systems (RES). Among RESs, photovoltaic system (PV) is a technology that has grown considerably in recent years (Azim et al., 2018; Li, Lin, et al., 2018, Li, Sun, et al., 2018; Mohammadi et al., 2021; Zahraoui et al., 2021). Electricity energy generation from PV cells has many applications in space satellites and orbital stations, solar vehicles, power supplies for remote areas, street lighting systems, and power production in central power plants. They advantages of this system include low fuel costs, low need for maintenance and environmental compatibility (Aazami et al., 2022; Eltamaly, 2018; Iranmehr et al., 2022).
Implementation of Sustainable Reforms in the Indian Automotive Industry: From Vehicle Emissions Perspective
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Revati Borkhade, Subrahmanya Bhat K, GT Mahesha
Various cities across the C40 network have pledged to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines by 2030. C40 network connects 97 megacities of the world to address threatening issues like climate change and takes bold actions to tackle it. The member cities take actions on local levels to make the agendas of the Paris Agreement achievable. Climate change is perceived as a serious danger to mankind. It is known to be the world’s second most critical problem that has had substantial health implications (Ibrahim, 2014). These statistics have led to various weather waves over the past decade and the effects of rising drought on the vegetation area (Dai, 2011; Heyder et al., 2011; Levitus et al., 2012; Li et al., 2009; McKechnie & Wolf, 2010; Meyssignac et al., 2012). The effects of global warming are a natural reaction on the earth’s atmosphere. Human activities, especially petroleum energy projects, have contributed to the development of these effects of global warming. This growing greenhouse effect is the result of increased concentrations in the atmosphere and greenhouse gases, i.e. GHGs (Jai Jain, 1993; Saxena, 2009).