China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Fabric creation
Published in Claudia E. Henninger, Kirsi Niinimäki, Marta Blazquez, Celina Jones, Sustainable Fashion Management, 2023
Claudia E. Henninger, Kirsi Niinimäki, Marta Blazquez, Celina Jones
All woven fabrics are created using a piece of machinery called a loom (see Figure 4.2.3). This machine is used to interlace the yarns in the construction of a variety of woven textiles. The yarns running vertically direction in loom are warp yarns, and those running horizontally are weft yarns. Shafts can be used in the loom to raise and lower specific warp threads, and are selected manually or using an electronic shedding mechanism. The type of shedding mechanism used is dependent on how many shafts are required to create the design of the fabric. In this way, a variety of woven fabrics can be created with different patterns, aesthetics, and performance properties, which can be lightweight through to heavyweight. Some typical examples include, but are by no means limited to, plain, twill, and satin fabrics, which we will discuss later in this chapter in the context of sustainability.
Improving the Performance of Shape Memory Polymers
Published in Witold M. Sokolowski, Cold Hibernated Elastic Memory Structure, 2018
Woven fabrics are popular as a reinforcement material for polymers: weaves are easy to handle, cheap, have a high level of fiber orientation in two orthogonal directions, and can achieve a high fiber volume fraction. Woven fabric reinforcements were used in combination with an SMP to investigate the effect of the reinforcement on the recovery speed and recovery forces of SMP composites. Three types of fabrics were used for the experiments: TWC300: a carbon fiber twill weave, 300 g/m²WGF540: a glass fiber plain weave, 540 g/m²UDG1200: a glass fiber quasi-UD fabric, 1200 g/m²
Reinforcements and Matrices for Polymer Matrix Composites
Published in Manoj Kumar Buragohain, Composite Structures, 2017
Woven fabrics are made by weaving yarns, tows, or rovings on a loom. The fibers are placed in the warp and weft directions, and interlaced in different ways to make different weave styles. Warp is the 0° direction, that is, parallel to the length direction of the roll, whereas, weft, also known as fill, is the 90° direction. Relative amounts of fibers in the warp and weft directions depend on the type of weave style, and in general, equal or nearly equal amounts fibers are placed in both the directions. These fabrics are called as balanced fabrics. In certain cases, most of the fibers are placed in the warp direction only and these fibers are held in position by very fine threads in the weft directions. These fabrics, known as unidirectional fabrics, possess exceptionally high strength and stiffness properties in the warp direction but very low properties in the weft direction.
A computer software developed for designing woven patterns and generating machine readable files for sampling looms
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Woven fabrics are textile structures produced on a loom by interlacing at least two sets of yarns (warp and weft) at right angles to one another. The distribution of interlacement is called as weave design or pattern. Graphical representations of the weaves can be shown by a grid in which columns represent warp and rows represent weft. Each square represents the intersection of a warp yarn and a weft yarn. A mark in a square indicates that end goes over pick while a blank square indicates that the pick is over the end. In the case of color effect presentation, the squares are painted with the color of warp or weft yarns depending on the interlacement of yarns. Conventionally designers draw out the pattern on a squared paper. However, while drawing patterns on paper especially with different color effects, plenty of time is wasted even for a pattern that outlooks for only a piece of fabric. Therefore, Computer Aided Design (CAD) tool has become an essential part of the development and sampling process of the woven fabric design. CAD systems allow designers to display and modify patterns very quickly before weaving the fabric (Cristian & Piroi, 2016; Hu, 2004; Behera et al., 2012; Mathur & Seyam, 2011).
Optimisation of bending and shear rigidities of woven fabrics using hybrid DOE-NSGA-II approach
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Md Samsu Alam, Abhijit Majumdar, Anindya Ghosh
Woven fabric, a unique material that is flexible yet strong, is manufactured by interlacement of two sets of yarns usually at right angle to each other. In many application areas like ballistic vests, seat belts, woven geotextiles, sports clothing etc., good mechanical performance is often a critical prerequisite along with desired bending and shear rigidities (Lomov et al., 2000). Lower bending rigidity of fabric facilitates better drapeability and fit, whereas higher shear rigidity ensures better dimensional stability. The basic design components of a woven fabric are fibre type in yarn (natural or synthetic), yarn count (coarseness or fineness), fabric sett (ends per inch or EPI × picks per inch or PPI) and weave (interlacement pattern). Any change in fibre or yarn properties or weave in fabric is expected to alter the resultant mechanical and functional properties of fabrics. Woven fabrics are subjected to various complex deformations like tensile, bending, shear and compression during their use (Hu & Lo, 2002; Inogamdjanov et al., 2020). Among these, bending and shear deformations, in low stress region, are very important for many applications including clothing (Tadesse et al., 2019). Bending and shear rigidities are the resistances of a fabric against the bending moment and shear force, respectively. Therefore, bending and shear behaviours of woven fabrics have captured the curiosity of research fraternity.
Prediction of tear strength of bed sheet fabric using machine learning based artificial neural network
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Meenakshi Ahirwar, B. K. Behera
The utility functions that fabrics should perform first are determined by their intended use. From underwear and everyday apparel to protective and work clothing, ornamental and furniture fabrics, and technical textiles, woven fabrics offer a wide range of applications. Because of their vast range of applications, fabrics are subjected to a variety of stresses and strains throughout their lives, depending on their destination and working conditions (Frontczak-Wasiak et al., 2004). One of the most critical characteristics of a finished fabric is its tearing strength. The force required to tear a cloth in either the weft or warp direction under specific conditions is known as tearing strength. A tear in a fabric or garment usually happens in a straight line and is caused by a moving cloth catching on a sharp item.