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Applications of Sustainable Composites
Published in Jitendra Kumar Katiyar, Mohammed Abdul Samad, Tribology in Sustainable Composites, 2023
Jitendra Kumar Katiyar, Mohammed Abdul Samad
The growing concern over the environment has caused a call to replace synthetic fibers with their natural counterparts in composite materials in order to make them more sustainable. However, due to some fundamental limitations, such as high cost, durability, bonding integrity and a gap in the development of standards among others, the use of natural fiber reinforced composites is restricted in demanding applications. Nevertheless, due to the technological advancements and the in-roads made by extensive research in this area industries have now started to adopt sustainable composites in various applications in a more efficient manner. Historically, sustainable composite materials have been used in many commercial applications. Bamboo shoot particles, for example, were used by ancient civilizations in the construction of mud walls and laminated glued wood by Egyptians in 1500 BCE. The metals were laminated for making swords (1800 AD). Further, as time moved forward, various materials were developed as per the requirement of industries. The innovation of materials as per the requirement of civilization is presented in Figure 4.1. The sustainable materials are slowly growing and being adopted by the industries in the 21st century because of their biodegradable and renewable properties.
Textile Cleaning and Odour Removal
Published in G. Thilagavathi, R. Rathinamoorthy, Odour in Textiles, 2022
Kirsi Laitala, Ingun Grimstad Klepp, Vilde Haugrønning
In general, synthetic fibres are strong, durable, and resistant to most chemicals, insects, fungi, and rot (Cook 1984a; Sinclair 2015). They have good dimensional stability and usually do not shrink when washed. The care label should be followed for choosing the washing temperature, as laundering above the fibre's glass-transition temperature can cause deformation and permanent set wrinkles (Laurent et al. 2007).
Clothes Encounters of the Microfibre Kind
Published in Judith S. Weis, Francesca De Falco, Mariacristina Cocca, Polluting Textiles, 2022
Elise F. Granek, Summer D. Traylor, Alexandra G. Tissot, Paul T. Hurst, Rosemary S. Wood, Susanne M. Brander
Synthetic fibres (as defined by Kroon et al. 2018) are used to make clothing and other textiles, increasing their durability as well as to protect from staining, and to create specialty items, such as athletic wear, dry fit clothing, or wrinkle-free fabrics (McIntyre 2005). As the human population continues to grow, so does the use of highly durable synthetic clothing, linens, and even gardening cloth, both commercially and in home applications (Geyer 2020; Boucher & Friot 2017). Gavigan et al. (2020) estimated that 5.6 Mt of synthetic fibres were released from washing synthetic apparel from 1950 to 2016, with half of that released during the last decade. Synthetic fibres also contain a suite of chemicals from dyes and plasticizers added during production to chemicals adsorbed to their surface when in the environment (Meiyazhagan et al. 2020). Given their durability and widespread use that allow for multiple pathways of release into the environment, it is not surprising that synthetic, plastics-based fibres are the most abundant textile products found in the natural environment and that these fibres can negatively affect organisms (Kwon et al. 2021).
Shear strength characteristics of binary mixture sand-carpet fibre using experimental study and machine learning
Published in International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2023
Firas Daghistani, Abolfazl Baghbani, Hossam Abuel Naga
Fibres have become increasingly significant in geotechnical engineering as a result of their ability to improve the mechanical properties of soil and other geotechnical materials (Almeida et al. 2023). Fibres are substances that are longer than they are wide, and they can be classified into two categories: natural and synthetic. There are many natural fibres found in nature, such as coconut fibre, palm fibre, jute, flax, bamboo, cane, sisal, and barely straw (Hejazi et al. 2012). In contrast, synthetic fibres are man-made fibres, such as polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, glass, and nylon (Hejazi et al. 2012). The use of fibres in geotechnical engineering is often used to strengthen soil. Tables 1 and 2 list the mechanical and physical properties of natural and synthetic fibres.
Experiments and numerical simulations of glass fiber reinforced polymers in structural fibers RC members
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2022
Thamer Alomayri, Ali Raza, Nabil Ben Kahla
Synthetic fibers are fibers manufactured from organic polymers from many formulations: polyethylene, carbon, acrylic, aramid, polyester, and the most common nylon and polypropylene. Due to their length and unique design, macro synthetic fibers, produce an excellent mechanical bond. In this work, the structural fibers contain polypropylene crimped- and wavy-shaped monofilaments with a length of 50 mm and a diameter of 0.75 mm, taken from the manufacturer in China, as illustrated in Figure 2. These fibers have an aspect ratio of 67. The tensile strength and the elastic modulus of fibers were 600 MPa and 5 GPa, individually. Table 3 illustrates different features of structural fibers. Sika ViscoCrete®-3425 is used as a superplasticizer to obtain a workable and homogeneous PSC mix.
An overview of cotton and polyester, and their blended waste textile valorisation to value-added products: A circular economy approach – research trends, opportunities and challenges
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Karpagam Subramanian, Manas Kumar Sarkar, Huaimin Wang, Zi-Hao Qin, Shauhrat S. Chopra, Mushan Jin, Vinod Kumar, Chao Chen, Chi-Wing Tsang, Carol Sze Ki Lin
Considering the environmental consequences associated with synthetic polymer production, need for biodegradable materials to develop a sustainable textile economy, and the upcoming generations making more environmentally conscious choices, synthetic fibers may be impacted and replaced with bio-polymers in the near future. But natural fibers like cotton, will still be widely popular. Environmental issues like pollution levels and BMIOAc arable land restrictions along with the increasing need for cellulosic fibers have led to the development of man-made cellulosic fibers. Currently, viscose and lyocell processes are the two significantly commercialized procedures to produce man-made cellulosic fibers that can be recycled further (Lindström & Henriksson, 2016). Both these processes use highly pure, dissolving grade pulp as cellulose source or raw material for upcycling the cotton waste. At industry scale, TencelTM uses the REFIBRATM recycling technology to produce lyocell fibers by upcycling substantial proportion of preand postconsumer cotton waste with virgin wood pulp and use the high quality regenerated fibers as a part of raw material proportion (TencelTM, n.d.). Renewcell’s recycling technology transforms used cotton, viscose and other cellulose rich materials into a biodegradable raw material for developing ‘Circulose®’ pulp that can be used to make virgin quality viscose or lyocell fibers (Renewcell, n.d.).