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x Emissions from Spray Combustion
Published in Maria da Graça Carvalho, Woodrow A. Fiveland, F. C. Lockwood, Christos Papadopoulos, Combustion Technologies for a Clean Environment, 2021
E. Hampartsoumian, W. Nimmo, M. Pourkashanian, A. Williams, M. Missaghi
The experimental furnace used in this work was a ceramic lined tunnel furnace 3m long × 0.8m in diameter having a 16 degree smooth tapered refractory quarl at the burner end to reduce dead space and minimise recirculation. This configuration was chosen as being representative of some fire-tube boiler combustion chambers. Throughout the length of the furnace a umber of ports allowed access for water cooled gas sampling and temperature measurement probes. The burner used was a typical utility boiler pressure jet package oil burner (250 kW rating) incorporating radial swirl on the combustion air. The physical and chemical properties of the medium fuel oil used are shown in Table I. The radial variation of the SMD droplet size at a distance of 15cm from the atomiser is also shown in Table I for the 45° angle fuel jet nozzle and typical experimental fuel pressure, fuel preheat and flow rate conditions.
Furnishings
Published in V. Ramesh Babu, S. Sundaresan, Home Furnishing, 2018
Apart from wood and natural fibers, baked clay can add beautiful shades (Figure 2.20) of the color brown to your home:terracottaraw umberburnt umbersienna redyellow ochrered ochre ...
Resources and Sustainable Materials
Published in Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2022
Pigments and fillers of various kinds including clays are used in large quantities. The only naturally occurring pigments still in wide use are those containing iron. These minerals are colored by limonite, an amorphous brown-yellow compound with the formula 2Fe2O3•3H2O, and hematite, composed of gray-black Fe2O3. Along with varying quantities of clay and manganese oxides, these compounds are found in ocher, sienna, and umber. Manufactured pigments include carbon black, titanium dioxide, and zinc pigments. Approximately 1.5 million metric tons of carbon black, produced by the partial combustion of natural gas, are used in the United States each year, primarily as a reinforcing agent in tire rubber.
Enhancement of anti-corrosion and mechanical properties of alkyd-based protective paints for steel petroleum structures incorporating natural limonite pigment
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
M.I. Abdou, Hany El-Sayed Ahmed, M.A. Wahab Gaber, A.M. Fadl
Upgrading the added value of natural Iron oxide ores is considered a vital paradigm for the field of coating engineering. Natural iron oxide ore deposits are the main source of limonites, which vary from yellow to brown such as ochre, sienna and umber. Iron oxide pigments (IOPs) are non-toxic, relatively inert, weather-resistant and mainly opaque. They are used in paints, inks, plastics and cosmetics. Characteristics such as bulk density, oil absorption, opacity, and tinting strength determine the suitability of material for a given application. In the present work we have attempted to collect representative samples from Baharyia Oasis areas in Egypt and grind these to super fined micro-sized scale particles. Micro-sized limonite particles as pigment were incorporated in different concentrations by weight in alkyd-based protective paints and evaluated to achieve the protective strategy and mechanical performance properties of these pigmented coatings to be used for steel petroleum structures coating.