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Materials for 3D Printing in Medicine
Published in Harish Kumar Banga, Rajesh Kumar, Parveen Kalra, Rajendra M. Belokar, Additive Manufacturing with Medical Applications, 2023
Ceramics are materials with high hardness and brittleness, heat resistance and corrosion resistance. They can be easily shaped and hardened with high temperatures. They are highly used in bone scaffold fabrication with their capability of showing osteogenic behaviours. However, ceramics have narrow processability due to the high brittleness they acquire. Moreover, there are various challenges in choosing and developing suitable ceramic-based printing material for bone scaffold fabrication. The physicochemical and biological properties are majorly concerned before selecting a material for AM medical usage. The most common methods of 3D printing ceramic-based materials are 3DP, SLS and EB. With 3DP, SLS and EB methodologies of AM, the bone scaffolds are constructed with ceramic-based materials to achieve various performances. Ceramic-based biopolymers are highly in demand in AM medical industry. However, due to the elevated production demand for materials for 3D printing with a limited number of ceramic biomaterials appropriate for 3D-printing applications [12].
Materials for Additive Manufacturing
Published in Yashvir Singh, Nishant K. Singh, Mangey Ram, Advanced Manufacturing Processes, 2023
M. Anugrahaprada, Pawan Sharma
Ceramics demonstrate superior properties such as strength, resistance to wear, outstanding chemical inertness and high-temperature stability. Therefore, they find commercial applications in aerospace, biomedical, machine tools, electronic industries, and similar high-end applications. Ceramics are challenging to manufacture using conventional processes owing to their melting point and hardness. Hot pressing, slip casting, sintering and grinding are some ceramic manufacturing techniques. However, they result in high cost and energy consumption and grinding leads to damages caused by pulverization and micro cracking [31]. A substantial part of research in ceramic AM is focused on porous structures because the development of complex-shaped porous architectures is possible using AM alone, which gives precise control over-dimension, shape and amount of pores [32]. Some commonly used ceramics for AM include alumina (Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2), hydroxyapatite (HA), nitride aluminium and porcelain.
Properties of Composite Materials
Published in Amit Sachdeva, Pramod Kumar Singh, Hee Woo Rhee, Composite Materials, 2021
Arvind Kumar Chauhan, Amarjeet Singh, Deepak Kumar, Kuldeep Mishra
Ceramic materials are well known for their useful physical and mechanical properties, characterized by high stiffness and hardness, their resistance to corrosion, and their high-temperature operational capabilities. However, their applications are restricted because of their brittle nature, which makes them very sensitive to the presence of defects and creates poor resistance to thermal and mechanical shock. In such materials, the addition of reinforcing fibers, whiskers, and particles creates a composite with improved fracture toughness and improved thermal and mechanical shock resistance. The thermal and mechanical properties of ceramic-matrix composites mean they are suitable for high-temperature applications; they are widely used in aeronautic and astronautic fields.
Flash sintering of hydroxyapatite ceramics
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2021
Dense ceramics are usually produced from powders by sintering method. Normal sintering method requires high temperature and hour-long time for densification. Cologna et al. [1] successfully produced dense zirconia ceramics in just a few seconds by flash sintering method with an aid of electric field at a temperature of 850°C which was much lower than that of normal sintering. In addition to zirconia-based ceramics [2–13], flash sintering was also found effective to consolidate various ceramic materials such as yttria [14,15], alumina [16–20], spinel, titanium oxide, barium titanate, zinc oxide [21–33] and tricalcium phosphate [34,35]. It was suggested that the rapid densification was attributed to the generation of lattice defects and the temperature rise by Joule-heating. Still more additional research is required for the full understanding of flash sintering mechanism [7,36–42].
Sustainable ceramics derived from solid wastes: a review
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2020
Tiles, the most popular and rapidly growing ceramics, are used in the construction and building activities. Rapid urbanization, modernization, and renovation of older buildings, rise in population and government policies on infrastructure development are primarily responsible for the growth of the global tiles market. The global tiles market worth was projected at US$ 70.9 billion in 2018, and an estimated compound annual growth rate (CAGR) during 2011–2018 was ~9.1%. The projected market revenue will be reaching above US$ 107.2 billion by 2024 and expected CAGR during 2019–2024 forecast periods will be ~7.2% [55]. Different types of clay, silica, feldspar, zircon sand, alumina, and other natural resources are the key ingredients for the manufacturing of nearly all kinds of ceramic tiles. The huge consumption of naturally occurring minerals is affecting several environmental issues. Therefore, the environment-friendly substitution of natural ingredients is essential in the forthcoming years. Some wastes and industrial by-products have been found as sustainable replacement of virgin raw materials in tiles, as illustrated in Table 3. Certain key components like the amount of wastes, replacement of minerals (like clay, feldspar, and quartz), firing temperature, and categories (like porcelain, floor, wall, and glazed tiles) of waste-containing tiles are pointed in Table 3.
Experimental research on the MRR of ultrasonic vibration aided electric discharge milling of ceramic materials using deionized water as processing medium
Published in Machining Science and Technology, 2020
Weijie Chang, Yanying Xi, Haowei Li, Shunhua Chen, Bolin Dong, Qin Yang, Jianhua Zhang
Ceramic materials refer to a class of inorganic nonmetallic materials, made of natural or synthetic compounds through forming and sintering. It has the advantages of high melting point, high hardness and high wear resistance and oxidation resistance, which can be used as structural materials or tool materials. However, it is usually difficult to process the ceramic materials because of their high hardness. Fortunately, EDM can be used to process hard materials, including ceramic materials. Gotoh et al. (2016) conducted studies in the EDM of insulating ceramics by control of electrically conductive surface layer. Insulating ceramics can be machined by an assisting electrode method. Iwai et al. (2013) found that the EDM efficiency of PCD was three times higher than the ordinary EDM, when assisted by ultrasonic vibration. Based on Taguchi method, experiments were carried out and a material removal rate model in EDM of nonconductive ZrO2 ceramics was built by Sabur et al. (2013). Lauwers et al. (2004) studied the material removal mechanisms of composite ceramic materials in EDM. It was found that besides the typical material removal mechanisms, such as melting, evaporation and spalling, other mechanisms including oxidation and dissolution of the base material also occurred.