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Overview of Biological Interactions and responses to 2D-nanomaterials
Published in Craig E. Banks, Dale A. C. Brownson, 2D MATERIALS, 2018
Annette von dem Bussche, Martin Winkler
Manganese oxides (MnO2) have received some attention due to their relatively low toxicity.183 If applied at very low concentrations, manganese oxide nanoplates showed an enhanced contrast of magnetic resonance images. At higher concentrations a significant decrease of cell viability in breast cancer cells (MCF-7) was observed, just as described for molybdenum trioxide (MoO3). It might therefore be a promising contrast agent but needs to be monitored for its possible cytotoxic effects at higher doses to avoid cell damage.184
Oxide Based Supercapacitors I-Manganese Oxides
Published in Ling Bing Kong, Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors, 2017
Ling Bing Kong, Wenxiu Que, Lang Liu, Freddy Yin Chiang Boey, Zhichuan J. Xu, Kun Zhou, Sean Li, Tianshu Zhang, Chuanhu Wang
The manganese hydroxide is dehydrated into manganese oxides after thermal annealing at appropriate temperatures. For example, smooth amorphous MnOx films have been deposited by using this method from polyethylenimine (PEI)– or chitosan–MnCl2 solutions [92]. Mn3O4 films with a porous/nanoflake hierarchical architecture can be deposited from manganese acetate-containing solutions [121].
Graphene-Inorganic Hybrids (I)
Published in Ling Bing Kong, Carbon Nanomaterials Based on Graphene Nanosheets, 2017
Ling Bing Kong, Freddy Boey, Yizhong Huang, Zhichuan Jason Xu, Kun Zhou, Sean Li, Wenxiu Que, Hui Huang, Tianshu Zhang
Due to their variable valences, a number of stable manganese oxides, including MnO, Mn3O4, Mn2O3, MnO2, with different types of crystal structures, can be formed [86, 87]. The diversity of crystal structures, together with the presence of defects, morphologies, porosity and textures, has made manganese oxides potential candidates for various applications, especially in electrochemical energy storage applications [88, 89]. One of the problems in using manganese oxides as electrodes in energy storage devices is their poor conductivity. Incorporation with conductive graphene nanosheets to form nanocomposites or nanohybrids has been recognized as an effective strategy to address this problem.
Combined hydrometallurgical route for recovery of metals from spent LIB using hydrochloric acid and phosphonium ionic liquid
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 2023
Archita Mohanty, Barsha Marandi, Niharbala Devi
Due to an increase in the production of steel, the demand for manganese has greatly increased (Xin et al. 2011). Manganese is the fourth most traded metal and its principal metallurgical applications have no suitable substitute. Manganese is a strategic element since it is heavily utilised in many industries including the production of steel and dyes (Gupta et al. 2002). Manganese oxides are also used as cathode materials in the production of zinc-carbon and alkaline batteries (Cardarelli 2000). Manganese also has promising applications in the lithium-ion battery(LIB) sector (Asadi Dalini et al. 2021). Lithium-manganese spinels (such as LiMn2O4) and layered lithium-nickel-manganese–cobalt (NMC) type systems are vital for the development of modern rechargeable Li-ion batteries due to their cost-effectiveness and low environmental impact (Thackeray et al. 2018; Rouquette et al. 2023). Over the next ten years, it is expected that battery applications will rapidly boost manganese consumption, even if steel is expected to continue to dominate the demand for the metal. The primary driver of this expansion will be mostly the LIB sector, which is anticipated to grow from $60 billion in 2020 and reach $120 billion in 2025 (Vieceli et al. 2021; Benveniste et al. 2022; Tran et al. 2022). Generally, manganese ores are converted to electrolytic manganese dioxides by pyrometallurgical means which have major drawbacks such as high-temperature, high energy consumption and environmental impacts (Biswal et al. 2015).
Abiotic transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via interaction with soil components: A systematic review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Jinbo Liu, Chi Zhang, Hanzhong Jia, Eric Lichtfouse, Virender K. Sharma
Other metal oxides such as anatase (TiO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) also act as photocatalysts for the degradation of PAHs in soils (Dong et al., 2010). For example, the photodegradation of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil is linearly enhanced by nanometer rutile TiO2 at 0 to 4 wt% under UV-light irradiation (Dong et al., 2010). Noteworthy, the photodegradation rate induced by Fe2O3, TiO2, and ZnO decreases generally in the order: ZnO > TiO2 > Fe2O3, because the band gap follows the order: ZnO (3.3 eV) > TiO2 (3.2 eV) > Fe2O3 (2.2 eV), and a larger band gap is beneficial for the photodegradation of PAHs. Besides, manganese oxides also promote the photodegradation of PAHs (Jokic et al., 2001; Jokic et al., 2004). MnO2 is often used as a heterogeneous catalyst to accelerate the photolysis of PAHs due to its strong oxidizing capacity (Chien et al., 2011). One of the most widely occurring forms of manganese oxides is δ-MnO2, a short range ordered tetravalent Mn oxide (Wang et al., 2020). This type of Mn oxide is highly reactive in soils, promoting the efficient degradation of PAHs (Brunetti et al., 2008; Chien et al., 2011).
A Review of Low Grade Manganese Ore Upgradation Processes
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2020
Veerendra Singh, Tarun Chakraborty, Sunil K Tripathy
Manganese oxide ores are considered most important for commercial point of view. The high-grade manganese oxide ores are directly used for chemical and metallurgical purposes. However, significant proportion of these resources found rich with the iron and termed as ferruginous manganese ores. The manganese-iron ratio plays a very critical role during ferroalloy production and high Mn/Fe ratio ore are always preferred. The ores with an Mn/Fe ratio <1.5 rarely find any suitable application. The Mn/Fe ratio can be enhanced by selective removal of iron using different beneficiation techniques. Ferruginous manganese ores contain two kinds of iron minerals. The ores which contain physically associated coarse-grained iron minerals, such as hematite, goethite, and magnetite which are easier to beneficiate using magnetic separation methods. In contrast, the ores which contain iron minerals chemically combined with Mn such as jacobsite, bixbite, etc. cannot be separated by conventional methods. A brief overview is presented here.