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Smart textiles in the performing arts
Published in Gianni Montagna, Cristina Carvalho, Textiles, Identity and Innovation: Design the Future, 2018
Aline Martinez, Michaela Honauer, Hauke Sandhaus, Eva Hornecker
Knitting is the method of creating a fabric from multiple loops of yarn. Knitted fabric can be stretched, allowing the production of tight, but flexible, textiles. This freedom of movement is important for realizing a dance costume (Bicât 2012). Because of this ability to stretch, initially designers of circus costumes, and later of dance costumes, explored knitted textiles (vam.ac.uk/content/articles/d/dance-costume-design). Handcrafted knitted sensors integrating conductive yarn are being developed by the maker and DIY community, often from a combination of different materials. Some projects constitute interactive installations (Persson 2013) or discuss benefits of interactive knitted applications (Bredies & Gowrishankar 2014). Afroditi Psarra’s Soft Articulations costume measures a dancer’s motions, generating sound output (afroditipsarra.com/index.php?/on-going/softarticulations). It integrates handmade bend sensors crafted from resistive fabric and velostat.
Textile Greige Fabrics (Woven and Knitted)
Published in Sheraz Ahmad, Abher Rasheed, Ali Afzal, Faheem Ahmad, Advanced Textile Testing Techniques, 2017
Muhammd Umair, Muhammad Umar Nazir, Sheraz Ahmad, Abher Rasheed, Ali Afzal, Faheem Ahmad
The second most common method of fabric manufacturing after weaving is knitting. This involves the interlooping of one set of yarn. In terms of production, knitting is the most widely used fabric after weaving. A single set of yarn is provided to a set of needles, and the fabric is obtained by interlooping the vertical set of loops. The term “knitting” is derived from the Saxon word cnyttan, which was itself derived from the primeval Sanskrit word nahyat. This type of fabric manufacturing can be classified into two types, according to the loop formation direction with respect to the fabric formation direction (Figure 6.1) and the comparison of properties is given in Table 6.1. The global annual production of knitted items is estimated at 7 million tons per annum. The diversity of knitted fabric and knitting techniques results in different shapes and fitting which has made this method very common as well as important. The end use of knitted fabric ranges from apparel to domestic and industrial uses [1].
Continuous Filament and Texturized Synthetic Yarns
Published in Tom Cassidy, Parikshit Goswami, Textile and Clothing Design Technology, 2017
Modified stretch yarns have intermediate stretch and bulk. They are produced by the same process as used for stretch yarns but with some modification. Modified stretch yarns have lower stretch potential and better hand and appearance. These yarns are generally used for knitted fabric, as they impart greater stitch clarity, softness, smoothness, and bulk and lesser extension under load.
Additive manufacturing of weft knitted and braided fabric structures with fused deposition modeling
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Sabit Adanur, Ajay Jayswal, Katherine O. Griffin, Julia L. Hancock
Knitting involves the inter-looping of one yarn system into continuously connecting vertical columns (wales) and horizontal rows (courses) of loops to form a knitted fabric structure (Adanur, 1995; Kurbak & Ekmen, 2008). There are two types of knit structures: weft knit, and warp knit. Weft knit fabrics are formed by a yarn which forms into loops successively at each needle during the same knitting cycle (Ramakrishna, 1997). Weft knitting action occurs in the course direction, as indicated by a solid dark line in Figure 1a. Several types of knitting stitches are used in weft knit fabrics including plain, tuck, purl (reverse), and float (miss) (Choi & Ashdown, 2000). The plain stitch fabric has all of its loops drawn through the same side of the fabric. The plain fabric has a smooth face and a rough back. These fabrics have good stretchability especially in the course direction (Adanur, 1995). Warp knit fabrics are produced by using a warp beam containing several hundred or thousand ends. Each end passes through its own needle and is formed into loops which intersect with adjacent loops (Renkens & Kyosev, 2011). Thus, a flat looped fabric is knitted using only warp yarns without the necessity of weft yarns being interwoven. Warp knitting takes place in the wale direction of the fabric, as indicated by a solid dark line in Figure 1b.
Development of multi-layer needle-punched nonwoven electric heating pad
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Abher Rasheed, Hina Zehra, Sheraz Ahmad, Faheem Ahmad
Heating pads are used to warm-up the body parts to cope pain or to relieve pain (Akbar et al., 2007). It relaxes the muscles, soothes the pain, maintains the blood flow and helps in healing (Flynn, 2021). The demand and consumption of heating pads are growing day by day, globally (Data Bridge Market Research 2020). Among all the types of heating pads that are: electrical, chemical, microwaveable and hot water bottle bags, electrical heating pads are considered as the most efficient type. A study has been conducted about the advantages and disadvantages of different heating textiles (Wang et al., 2010). Primarily electrical heating pads are comprising of heating element, power source and user interface and are mostly operated by portable power supplies and rechargeable batteries (Akbar et al., 2007). Electrical heating elements can be incorporated into textiles by different techniques such as weaving, knitting, and embroidery, coating and nonwoven methods (Hao et al., 2012). Implementation of electrical heating properties into fabrics (knitted or woven) ensures some advantages. However, there are numerous challenges and issues to be faced in electrical heating pads (Pragya et al., 2020; Thilagavathi et al., 2017). In knitted heating textiles, type of yarn and fabric structure is important to design heating pads. Knitted fabric is made by interloping of yarns. Basically, two types of yarns are used; the conductive yarn and the main yarn, the voltage passes through the conductive yarns which produce the heat. Different structures of knitted fabrics can pass the current at different levels of voltage (A. Akbar et al., 2007).
The design and development of an illuminated polymeric optical fibre (POF) knitted garment
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2020
Amy Chen, Jeanne Tan, Philip Henry, Xiaoming Tao
Knitting has the potential to address the pattern cutting constraints since knitted fabric can be knitted into the pattern piece shape, known as fully-fashioned knitting. Utilising fully-fashioned knitting in garment production has the benefit of reducing yarn costs, as no fabric cutting is required (Power, 2008). Knitting POF fabric into shape can allow for more tight-fitting garments to be designed, as knitting to shape reduces the amount of excess fabric that is present in the woven POF garments using the framing method. In addition to the benefit of using fully-fashioned knitting, the extensibility of typical knitted fabric lends itself to use in tight-fitting garments, since it can conform to the shape of the body.