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Science in Textile Design
Published in Tarun Grover, Mugdha Thareja, Science in Design, 2020
Textile is not just a jumbled business of cloth and colors loosely thrown together but a well-organized industry driven by intensive market research and the intervention of science at different stages of textile production, including spinning, weaving, printing, dyeing, finishing, pattern-making, branding, and labeling, to enhance the aesthetic and value addition of the fabrics. A fiber is a small, short piece of hair of substantial length and diameter. A filament yarn is a long strand of a single substance. In textile yarn, individual fibers or filaments are tied together to make threads. Textile yarn can be made with natural fibers from substances such as wool from sheep, silk from silkworms, or cotton and linen from plants. It can also be made with synthetic or man-made fibers created from a variety of substances like nylon, acrylic, and polyester.
Responsible Textile Design and Manufacturing: Environmentally Conscious Material Selection
Published in Ammar Y. Alqahtani, Elif Kongar, Kishore K. Pochampally, Surendra M. Gupta, Responsible Manufacturing, 2019
Ece Kalayci, Ozan Avinc, Arzu Yavas, Semih Coskun
Material selection is the first step in product design and production. Environmentally conscious material selection is required for responsible textile design and manufacturing. Textile fiber is the smallest element of a textile structure. Yarn is produced by combining the fibers using various techniques called the spinning process and used to obtain two different types of textile structure by knitting and weaving. A nonwoven textile structure is obtained by entangling and bonding fibers mechanically, thermally, or chemically without the need for a yarn structure.
Fabrication Processes
Published in Manas Chanda, Plastics Technology Handbook, 2017
The term spinning, as used with natural fibers, refers to the twisting of short fibers into continuous lengths [19–21]. In the modern synthetic fiber industry, however, the term is used for any process of producing continuous lengths by any means. (A few other terms used in the fiber industry should also be defined. A fiber may be defined as a unit of matter having a length at least 100 times its width or diameter. An individual strand of continuous length is called a filament. Twisting together filaments into a strand gives continuous filament yarn. If the filaments are assembled in a loose bundle, we have tow or roving. These can be chopped into small lengths (an inch to several inches long), referred to as staple. Spun yarn is made by twisting lengths of staple into a single continuous strand, and cord is formed by twisting together two or more yarns.)
Fragmented fibre (including microplastic) pollution from textiles
Published in Textile Progress, 2021
Alma V. Palacios-Marín, Muhammad Tausif
Yarns are defined as a narrow bundle of natural and, or extruded staple fibres and, or filaments. They represent the rudimentary element of any geometrically structured fabric (Tausif, Cassidy, & Butcher, 2018). Yarns are produced by twisting a parallel fibrous strand, increasing the fibrous assembly's internal lateral force. The mass per unit length of a yarn is known as yarn count or number (Tausif et al., 2018). Both the yarn twist and count impact the FF release (Carney Almroth et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2019; De Falco et al., 2020; Palacios-Marín et al., 2022). A study reported that thicker staple yarns shed more fibres (Carney Almroth et al., 2018), and a positive relation between yarn count and FF release is defined owing to the higher amount of fibres per cross-section in the yarn (Yang et al., 2019). On the contrary, no impact was found on collected FF by the number of filaments in the yarn cross-section (Özkan & Gündoğdu, 2021). As stated before, differences in results may be attributed to their nature as continuous filament or staple fibres yarns. Results from Palacios-Marín et al. (2022) from a comparative analysis of five different yarn structures show that fibre material and yarn structure impact directly in the release of FF.
Study of yarn properties and displacement deviation of acceleration points based on the novel drafting system
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Jing Quan, Longdi Cheng, Jianyong Yu, Wenliang Xue
The staple-fiber spinning processes were developed to convert staple fibers into spun yarns. Spun yarns are linear assembly of many fibers along the length and held together by the insertion of twists to form continuous strands. In history, the early weaving of yarns had been accomplished by hand spinning. The first spinning device, named Arkwright’s water frame replaced the manual skill by the application of the roller drafting and modification to the winding of yarns (Lawrence, 2010). Following with the development of the technology, the ring spinning frame was invented. During the ring spinning process, the fiber strand is attenuated to the required fineness of yarns by a double apron roller drafting system (Taylor, 1955). Meanwhile, a number of new spinning systems, such as the air-jet vortex spinning and rotor spinning, have been developed which are extremely different from the ring spinning machine. The air-jet vortex spinning system (MVS) consists of a four-pair drafting unit, spinning unit and yarn package unit (Lawrence, 2010). One of the essential features of the air-jet vortex spinning is the super roller-draft unit, which can effectively separate the fiber bundles. As the fibers come out of the front rollers, they are sucked into the spiral-shaped opening of the air jet nozzle (Erdumlu et al., 2012). The rotor spinning is composed of the drafting, fiber condensation, twisting and yarn winding. In the drafting process, the fiber strands are highly drafted to separate out the individual fibers by the opening roller, which acts much in the same way as the licker-in of a carding machine (Lawrence, 2003; Oxtoby, 1987). Therefore, the drafting process plays an important role in various spinning systems.
New computer geometric modeling approach with filament assembly model for two-ply yarns structures
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2019
Keartisak Sriprateep, Sarawut Singto
Consider a two-ply yarns structure that consists of two yarns, which are twisted together. Basically, a yarn is composed of many of fibers twisted to make up a yarn. Hence the solid structure of yarn should be constructed from fiber-structure parameters, such as fiber shape, fiber distribution, and the direction of the fiber twist. The geometry of two-component yarns has been investigated by many researchers over recent decades. The helical locus of the central axis of the yarns and the assumption of circular symmetry for the cross-section shape provide a simple mathematical basis for the description of yarn appearance. Treloar (1956) developed a mathematical description of the coaxial double wound helices for multi-ply yarns. He assumed that the individual filaments in the ply had the form of a ‘doubly-wound helix’. The relation between the single yarn twist (before cording) and the twist in the ply (after cording) is dealt with, and is shown to depend on the change in length of ply axis on cording. An analysis of the model yields an expression for the yarn and ply yarns retractions in terms of the parameters defining the system. Tao (1994) developed the mathematical model dealing with the large-scale bending of multi-ply yarns using the geometry of doubly wound helices. This may be used to predict the minimum bending rigidity of yarn, bending and torsion strain in a multi-plied yarn structure. Choi and Tandon (2006) described a new energy model of yarn bending for plied yarn using the geometry of doubly wound helices. The fiber bending and torsion energy terms are considered. Jeon and Kim (2010) assumed that the individual fibers in a ply yarn have the form of a doubly wound helix, they simulate the paths of the individual fibers in the yarn. They also calculated the orientation angle, the orientation density function, and the mean of orientation angle in a ply yarn.