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Fitwel®
Published in Traci Rose Rider, Margaret van Bakergem, Building for Well-Being, 2021
Traci Rose Rider, Margaret van Bakergem
Key to healthy building operations, Promoting the establishment and implementation of a Green Purchasing Policy (GPP) is the first line of defense against unhealthy materials. This type of policy ensures that materials brought into the building will conform to standards that preserve high IAQ standards and limit chemical contaminant sources such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). For multi-tenant buildings (MTBB, MWB) projects must implement a Green Purchasing Policy that is applied both within the project and is also included in leases or a tenant manual. For CI or ST buildings, the GPP must be applied to all spaces within the project. The Green Purchasing Policy must abide by a prescribed purchasing framework and develop an implementation plan for the selection of products and services with beneficial health and environmental impacts. Many accepted guidelines include sustainable products that contain recycled materials, are a product of a production process that conserves natural resources and prevents air pollution, or contains fewer toxic substances than alternate, traditional products. Similarly, Establishing and implementing an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Plan can help to mitigate harmful effects of pesticides and other pest treatment. Requirements include an IPM that is applied to the entire building, with a detailed plan for pest inspections, pest population monitoring, control methods, the use of pesticides, and more. These strategies help to minimize or manage harmful materials that may have to be in a building, while all improve the indoor quality of the project.
Aquatic Communities: Pesticide Impacts
Published in Brian D. Fath, Sven E. Jørgensen, Megan Cole, Managing Water Resources and Hydrological Systems, 2020
David P. Kreutzweiser, Paul K. Sibley
These types of technologies combined with the use of non-pesticide approaches to pest management form the basis of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. IPM strategies are those in which the judicious use of pesticides is only one of several concurrent methods to control or manage losses from pest damage. This can include the use of natural enemies and parasites, biological control agents, insect growth regulators, confusion pheromones, sterile male releases, synchronizing with weather patterns known to diminish pest populations, and cultivation methods and crop varieties to improve conditions for natural enemies or degrade conditions for pest survival.[49] Increasing the use of IPM approaches can reduce reliance on pesticides and thus reduce the risk of pesticide impacts overall.
Biofertilizers and Biopesticides: A Holistic Approach for Sustainable Agriculture
Published in Prasenjit Mondal, Ajay K. Dalai, Sustainable Utilization of Natural Resources, 2017
P. Balasubramanian, P. Karthickumar
Figure 9.5 outlines the several possible interactions between plants, pathogens, and the plants associated beneficial microbes. Competitive interactions between pathogens and beneficial microbes along with other significant interactions such as antibiosis (an antagonistic association between two microorganisms) for the prevention of growth or development of an organism by a substance or another organism play a crucial role in the overall health of the plant. However, plant growth and suppression of the plant-associated diseases could be ensured by integrated application of the biopesticides and biofertilizers. Since the plant-associated microbes support the essential macro- and micronutrients, integrating them along with hormonal stimulation enhances disease resistance. Thus, the implementation of INM and IPM would pave the way for sustainable agricultural practices along with environmental protection and human health. There are basically four types of IPM interventions: management of pesticide components, breeding of crop (or livestock), deployment of pheromones and/or release of parasites (or predators), and establishing the agro-ecological habitat (Pretty and Bharucha, 2015).
Elevated O3 threatens biological communications mediated by plant volatiles: A review focusing on the urban environment
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Noboru Masui, Kaori Shiojiri, Evgenios Agathokleous, Akira Tani, Takayoshi Koike
Integrated pest management (IPM), which aims to reduce pesticide application to the environment, also relies on BVOCs, including insect pheromones (Brilli et al., 2019; Huang et al., 2020). Because plant volatiles influence the instinct activity of pests (e.g., feeding and oviposition), volatile-based IPM is useful and will become more necessary in agroforestry in the future. For example, the application of the interaction between the diamondback moth P. xylostella and the parasitoid C. vestalis in IPM has recently indicated its practicality in greenhouses and may provide a basis for extending it to the field (Shiojiri et al., 2010; Abe et al., 2020; Uefune et al., 2020). In addition, the “push-pull strategy,” one of the IPM methods, has been developed based on plant-insect communication (Cook et al., 2007; Bhattacharyya, 2017; Cui et al., 2022). “push” plants planted in the same cultivated field emit volatiles repellent to target pests and “pull” plants planted around the field trap the pests by their attractive volatiles. In the field, the entire ecosystem is expected to be conserved through integrated biodiversity management (IBM), which means IPM plus the conservation of ecosystems (Kiritani, 2000). For instance, forests that are home to parasitic wasps near villages are preserved under human activities using fewer pesticides.
Trade-off between economic, environmental and social objectives in pesticide supply chains
Published in International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 2023
Shiyuan Zhang, Fengru Long, Fu Jia, Xiao-Xue Zheng
Nowadays, pesticide supply chains are facing great challenges from the domains of economy, environment and society because the abuse of pesticides has led to a series of environmental pollution and food safety problems, causing social and environmental crises (Braga Marsola et al. 2021; Bregaglio et al. 2022). For example, most chemical pesticides are non-biodegradable and toxic threatening human health (Intisar et al. 2022; Huang et al. 2021; Yan et al. 2022) and making the pesticide supply chain unsustainable. In contrast, biopesticide is a mass-produced biologically based agent manufactured from a living microorganism or a natural product, which is gaining popularity in organic agriculture (Marrone 2019; Damalas and Koutroubas 2020; Huang et al. 2022). Compared to chemical pesticide, biopesticide has the advantages of environmental safety, target-specificity, efficacy, biodegradability and suitability in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes (Tsaur et al. 2020). Despite these advantages, the comprehensive usage of biopesticides in pesticide supply chain is still facing many challenges (Harris and Dent 2000), and the high price is the biggest one. For example, Spodoptera Litura, a biopesticide costs 3.76 USD per acre in contrast to costs 0.63 USD per acre of common chemical pesticides. The extravagant price results in the low level of farmers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for biopesticides such that pesticide supply chain still fails to achieve enough economic benefits for the pesticide manufacturers as well as their supply chain partners, resulting in their little incentive to produce and sell biopesticides (Gerhardson 2002; Chandler et al. 2011; Essiedu et al. 2020; Zheng et al. 2022).