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Impact of Lockdown on Social and Mobile Networks During the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Case Study of Uttarakhand
Published in Ram Shringar Raw, Vishal Jain, Sanjoy Das, Meenakshi Sharma, Pandemic Detection and Analysis Through Smart Computing Technologies, 2022
Prachi Joshi, Bhagwati Prasad Pande
The term lockdown can be defined as a set of constraints for humans limiting their physical movements and forcing them to remain at the place they are. Such restrictions are generally imposed because of some specific risks to others or themselves had they allowed to move freely. The term lockdown is generally governed by a prison protocol that can only be triggered by top-level authorities and lockdown measures are initiated as preventive measures at the time of emergencies and pandemics [4]. The existence of lockdowns have been reported in the history of mankind in various forms and flavors, like fighting against pandemics; terrorism; physical, political, and technological threats; and emergencies, etc. Tools like confinement, isolation, quarantine, and social distancing practices and total lockdown have been helping to save lives and mitigating potential risks. Jahanbegloo [5] reported that the practices of isolation, confinement, and quarantine are very old and proved very helpful at the time of outbreaks of serious influenza, plague, and epidemics. Jahanbegloo [5] also shed light on lockdowns that existed in history due to nuclear accidents and terrorist attacks. Hendry [6] reported that the lockdown techniques came into existence in the late 1970s in Southern California. Williams [7] mentioned that the practice of quarantine and isolation has long been used to prevent the spread of diseases like plague, black death, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) during World War One and the SARS epidemic.
COVID-19 Precautions and Management Strategies
Published in Joystu Dutta, Srijan Goswami, Abhijit Mitra, COVID-19 and Emerging Environmental Trends, 2020
Joystu Dutta, Srijan Goswami, Abhijit Mitra
Exposure to infectious agents or contagious diseases can be prevented (to an extent) by the implementation of proper self-isolation or quarantine measures. Self-isolation is the process of keeping people infected with contagious disease separate from healthy people. Quarantine is the process of restricting the movement of people exposed to a contagious disease to be sure whether they develop the disease or not. Social distancing is not the same as self-isolation and quarantine. Social distancing means the act of avoiding locations or situations where there is a risk of getting exposed to a contagious disease. Self-isolation should be implemented if individuals are experiencing symptoms such as mild fever, cough, or headache or if they have been tested positive for COVID-19, they are advised to self-isolate themselves at home until fully recovered (at least 7 days) (NHS, 2020) or if the individual suspects of being exposed to the COVID-19-infected person (at least 14 days) (NHS, 2020). During this self-isolation period, going out in public, letting unnecessary visitors in, contact with pets or animals must be avoided. It is important to perform proper monitoring of the symptoms. Self-isolation process should not be discontinued without the permission from healthcare providers. If the symptoms get worse and the individual experiences difficulty in breathing, it is advised to seek medical attention immediately (WHO, 2020a).
The Biosphere
Published in John C. Ayers, Sustainability, 2017
Infectious diseases are sometimes transmitted from animals to humans, a process called zoonosis5 or a spillover event. Influenza is often transmitted as a virus from birds to humans, especially in areas in Asia where humans and fowl cohabitat. The Ebola virus likely spread from fruit bats or primates to humans, and the 2013–2015 Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa caused over 11,000 deaths.6 The spread and persistence of viruses is strongly influenced by environmental conditions and by the proximity of hosts and potential hosts. Infected individuals are quarantined to reduce the risk of the disease spreading. Epidemics are usually contained and dissipate within a few months or years of the initial outbreak.
A pedestrian-based model for simulating COVID-19 transmission on college campus
Published in Transportmetrica A: Transport Science, 2023
Quarantine, which separates the infected from the healthy, is the most effective measure to stop the epidemic transmission. But widespread quarantine not only affects students’ attendance but also puts pressure on limited medical resources. Here quarantine measures Q1-Q3 as shown below are proposed to analyze which level of quarantine is most effective (assuming that the patient will not transmit the disease during the quarantine period). Q1 (Quarantining individuals): When a symptomatic individual is present, only the symptomatic individual is quarantined.Q2 (Quarantining dormitories): Because students in the same dormitory have the most contact with each other, when a symptomatic individual is found, all members of the dormitory where the patient is living need to be quarantined.Q3 (Quarantining classes): Because students in the same class are in contact with each other, the whole class needs to be quarantined when an individual with symptoms is found.
Sustaining Organizational Operations during an Outbreak: Problems, Needs, and Opportunities for Information Systems
Published in Information Systems Management, 2020
Narcyz Roztocki, Wojciech Strzelczyk, H. Roland Weistroffer
Often during a catastrophic outbreak, people that are suspected of having been exposed are quarantined to prevent further spread of the disease. Yasir et al. (2020) state that during quarantine, because people have more free time to participate in social media, it increases their desire for online presence. People like to be involved and share their own experiences. Also, e-government and e-publishing may play an increased role, as people look on-line for basic information, protection measures, and development of the outbreak. However, when not explained well, some information broadcast via e-publishing may be misinterpreted, creating confusion and distrust in authorities.