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Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Era of COVID-19 to Improve Hospital Management
Published in Adarsh Garg, D. P. Goyal, Global Healthcare Disasters, 2023
The respiratory illness caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus known as COVID-19. It has become pandemic and is a challenge all over the world. The most crucial challenge of this pandemic is the management of COVID-19 patients’ urgency of critical respiratory care. Based on the need of this situation, an AI-based model was developed to enhance the critical care of COVID-19 patients. A review of available literature was carried out like PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, etc. More and more clinicians and engineers are working rigorously on a vaccine, testing facilities, and monitoring systems. This chapter highlights the opportunities gained through the use of AI methods for diagnosis and prognosis system. Major efforts of the healthcare system to fight COVID-19 using AI-based decision-making system would support in management of the critically ill patients with COVID-19 more efficiently. By gathering, categorizing, and studying of clinical information from the large number of patients are approaching to diagnosis and decide toward treatment process.
Viral and Bacterial Infection Prevention Through Intentional Design
Published in AnnaMarie Bliss, Dak Kopec, Architectural Factors for Infection and Disease Control, 2023
Debra Harris, Denise N. Williams
The common human coronaviruses are not the same as those that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) diseases, including COVID-19. SARS is the general name for severe respiratory illnesses caused by coronaviruses.56 The majority of SARS symptoms are similar to influenza symptoms, including high fever, headache, body aches, and an overall feeling of discomfort and fatigue. However, after several days many patients develop a cough and pneumonia. The SARS coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) outbreak of 2003 caused at least 8,098 symptomatic infections, from which 774 people died. COVID-19 specifically refers to the illness from the SARS-CoV-2 strain. It is similar to but more contagious than SARS-CoV-1 and is characterized by unresolved systemic hyperinflammation associated with a life-threatening “cytokine storm syndrome,” which can lead to multi-organ failure dysfunction in some persons.57 Research has shown that the virus can live on common surface materials for up to 7 days in a laboratory-controlled environment. Thus, like other coronaviruses, COVID-19 is transmitted directly through person-to-person contact or the inhalation of aerosolized viral droplets and indirectly through contact with contaminated surfaces.57
Comparative Forecasts of Confirmed COVID-19 Cases in Botswana Using Box-Jenkin's ARIMA and Exponential Smoothing State-Space Models
Published in Amit Kumar Tyagi, Ajith Abraham, Recurrent Neural Networks, 2023
Ofaletse Mphale, V. Lakshmi Narasimhan
Fatalities from COVID-19 had been presented in amplifying figures worldwide. By August 2021, findings showed that COVID-19 fatalities had surpassed 4.3 million, with confirmed cases exceeding 208 million worldwide [5, 6]. Once developed and manufactured, more than 4.5 billion vaccine doses had been administered globally. As of today, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19 disease. Likewise, studies show that there is limited clinical researche conducted to assess the effectiveness of potential COVID-19 treatments [7–10]. In the absence of specific treatment of COVID-19 disease, health care systems of individual countries remain as the decisive factor when it comes to treatment and management approaches, specifically provision of medications to relieve symptoms, supplemental oxygen administration, fluid therapy, supportive diet, and other factors [11, 12]. Some critical recovery measures have also been delineated by [5]) such as self-isolation, drinking of plenty of water, consumption of paracentamol, personal hygiene, and adequate rests.
Crispr biosensing and Ai driven tools for detection and prediction of Covid-19
Published in Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 2023
Abdullahi Umar Ibrahim, Pwadubashiyi Coston Pwavodi, Mehmet Ozsoz, Fadi Al-Turjman, Tirah Galaya, Joy Johnson Agbo
The major symptoms or signs of COVID-19 include fever, cough, difficulty in breathing and in severe cases, it can lead to pneumonia, kidney failure and death. COVID-19 belongs to viral specie that causes common cold. The name ‘Corona’ means ‘Crown’ which is name after the spike proteins on their surface which resemble crown as shown in Figure). Coronaviruses are zoonotic in nature and thus they can be transmitted from animals to humans. Although the exert source of the SARS-CoV-2 remains unknown for scientists but many evidences associated the virus to bats unlike SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, which are associated with Civet cat and Camels, respectively. COVID-19 can be transmitted through an infected person respiratory secretion such as cough or sneeze, physical contact with infected person or direct contact with surfaces that are contaminated with the virus (Park et al., 2020; Word Health Organization Report on Coronavirus disease, 22020; Chen N et al., 2020)
Covid-19 diagnosis by WE-SAJ
Published in Systems Science & Control Engineering, 2022
Wei Wang, Xin Zhang, Shui-Hua Wang, Yu-Dong Zhang
Covid-19 is a respiratory disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Since the first cases appeared in 2019, Covid-19 has spread to most countries and territories worldwide (Hotez et al., 2021). Although there are several effective vaccines against the disease, they have not been able to definitively stop the spread of Covid-19 due to its high variability. Depending on the severity of the disease, patients with Covid-19 may suffer from mild respiratory symptoms such as cough and fever, severe pneumonia, multi-organ failure, or even death (Struyf et al., 2020). As the global pandemic progresses, the number of severe cases and deaths from Covid-19 continues to rise, a significant blow to human life and the global economy. Scholars in various fields have become highly concerned about the potentially severe consequences of Covid-19 and have maintained a constant interest in possible solutions to Covid-19. An important issue that continues to be addressed is the lack of medical resources due to the rapid increase in patients. The current standard method of Covid-19 detection is Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT_PCR) (Fang et al., 2020), which has the disadvantage of a high proportion of false negatives and often requires multiple tests to produce reliable results so that the process is highly time-consuming. Diagnostic methods using CT and X-Ray images of the chest also have the advantage of assessing the extent of a patient's disease (Fang et al., 2020). However, this method requires a large number of medical experts to do the diagnosis task.
Atangana–Baleanu derivative-based fractional model of COVID-19 dynamics in Ethiopia
Published in Applied Mathematics in Science and Engineering, 2022
Mulualem Aychluh, S. D. Purohit, P. Agarwal, D. L. Suthar
In Wuhan, China, a fresh coronavirus infection began in December 2019 [1]. The disease was named a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020 [2]. COVID-19 symptoms include fever, cough, headache, tiredness, and breathing difficulties. Physical distancing, face masks, hand washing, minimizing non-essential trips, lockdown of exposed cases, and school closures are all being used to slow the spread of this highly contagious disease [3–5]. Prevention of coronavirus disease in Ethiopia is difficult for a variety of reasons. Among them are the difficulties of screening infectious people, social problems, insufficient human power in treatment centres, less public awareness and the Ethiopian lifestyle [6]. These factors allow infectious and non-infectious individuals to interact.