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Non-Woven Fabrics
Published in Asis Patnaik, Sweta Patnaik, Fibres to Smart Textiles, 2019
Kumar Midha Vinay, Sikka Monica
Hydroentanglement uses high-speed water jets to strike a web to bond the fibres (Russel 2006). As a result, non-woven fabrics made by this method have specific properties, as soft handle and drapeability. So far, there are many different specific terms for the technology like spunlacing, jet entangled, water entangled, hydroentangled or hydraulically needled. The term, spunlace, is used more popularly in the non-woven industry. In fact, the spunlace process can be defined as the process that employs multiple rows of fine high-pressure jets of water to entangle the pre-wetted and compacted fibrous web moving on a perforated or patterned screen. The tensile strength, tear resistance, softness and bending behaviour of spunlaced fabrics are comparable to those of wovens and knits. However, they exhibit lower initial modulus, poor tensile recovery and wash durability.
Nonwoven Fabrics
Published in Tom Cassidy, Parikshit Goswami, Textile and Clothing Design Technology, 2017
Muhammad Tausif, Parikshit Goswami
Hydroentanglement is also commonly known as spunlace. The process involves entangling of fibers by means of high-velocity water jets. The energized water interacts with the web and porous support surface, which can be a flat conveyor or a cylindrical surface, to induce displacement, twisting, rearrangement, and entanglement of fibers/filament segments in the web to produce an integrated fabric, held together by fiber-to-fiber friction. Figure 10.22 illustrates a typical hydroentanglement process. The water is pumped through cone-shaped capillary nozzles to create collimated water jets and the fabric structure is formed by the effect of water jets and turbulent water in the web, which intertwines neighboring fibers. The water passing through the conveyor belt or drum is recycled. Normally, multiple injectors are used for hydroentanglement. Fiber properties such as modulus, wettability, dimensions, and fiber type influence the degree of bonding. Water jet pressures up to 60 MPa and nozzle diameters in range of 60–120 μm are employed. The process does not essentially require any additional chemicals to affect bonding, which contributes to sustainability and cost-effectiveness. The hydroentanglement technology offers improved physical properties compared to other bonding methods, such as a esthetics, softness, strength, flexibility, hand, drape, conformability, and absorbency.
Nonwovens
Published in Sheraz Ahmad, Abher Rasheed, Ali Afzal, Faheem Ahmad, Advanced Textile Testing Techniques, 2017
Alvira Ayoub Arbab, Awais Khatri, Sheraz Ahmad, Abher Rasheed, Ali Afzal, Faheem Ahmad
High strength needle punched fabrics are mostly used for geotextiles. The hydroentanglement bonding method uses the mechanical entanglements of staple fibers by means of forced jets of water droplets. The jets of water produce the coherence in the web and by means of hydraulic pressure fibers are entangled into the web structure. However, further adhesive bonding is required to bond the fibrous web fully. Stich bonding is used to bond cross-laid webs by means of a warp stich. The machinery used in stich bonding is the modified form of warp knitting machine, which binds the fibrous layers by knitting columns of stitches.
Mechanical and in-use properties of nonwoven fabrics made of bicomponent microfilament PET/PA fibers
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
In the literature, there are some studies researching the properties of spun-laid fabrics obtained by bicomponent fiber spinning and hydroentanglement. For example, effects of some production parameters on the tensile properties of bicomponent fiber containing spun-laid (Anantharamaiah et al., 2008; Duo, Qian, Zhao, Gao, Bai, et al., 2022) or carded (Gong & Nikoukhesal, 2009; Hollowell et al., 2013; M. S. Ndaro, Jin, et al., 2007; M. S. Ndaro, Xiangyu et al., 2007; S. M. Ndaro et al., 2009, 2016) nonwovens were determined by several researchers. In these studies, bicomponent fiber cross-sectional shapes or raw materials varied. In other studies, permeability (Durany et al., 2009), orientation, and degree of splitting (Lu & Qian, 2011b; Shim et al., 2010), fiber cross section (Yeom & Pourdeyhimi, 2011b; Zhao & Liu, 2012), or filtration properties of bicomponent fiber containing hydroentangled nonwovens were examined (Duo, Qian, Zhao, Gao, Guo, et al., 2022; Heng et al., 2015; Yeom & Pourdeyhimi, 2011a). On the other hand, there are limited number of studies subjecting the use of nonwoven fabrics in apparel design and production. One of these studies belongs to Gohar and Mohamed (2013) in which 12 nonwoven blouses were designed as low-cost alternatives. In other studies, hollow segmented-pie bicomponent fiber containing hydroentangled nonwovens were utilized for synthetic leather apparels (Zhao et al., 2018, 2019).
Effect of material properties and process parameters on properties of hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Syamal Maiti, Vijay S. Bele, Surajit K. Basu
Nonwovens are one of the fastest-growing segments which roughly comprise one third of the textiles fiber industry (Kalebek & Babaarslan, 2015). As reported, nonwovens have an extensive range of applications in various industries, such as aerospace, transportation, construction, marine, and composites (Rawal et al., 2007). Among many processes of manufacturing nonwoven fabric, hydroentanglement process is one of the suitable ways of converting not only the textile fibers but also new-generation and high-performance fibers and their blends into nonwovens without damaging them, and without the need for a binder (Berkalp, 2006). It is a versatile process, which uses fine, closely spaced, high velocity jets of water to entangle loose arrays of fibers. Majority of all types of fibers could be used efficiently to produce fabrics that could achieve properties equivalent to woven by this technology (Pourdeyhimi & Minton, 2004). The amount of energy supplied to the Web is a crucial parameter influencing the fabric structure and properties as it affects the completeness of fiber entanglement (Adanur & Liao, 1999).
Foam forming of fiber products: a review
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2020
Tuomo Hjelt, Jukka A. Ketoja, Harri Kiiskinen, Antti I. Koponen, Elina Pääkkönen
Lehmonen et al.[155] presented a laboratory study where 6-mm, 12-mm, and 24-mm viscose fibers were used to make handsheets. The formation was very good, especially with 6-mm fibers, while it decreased a little with longer fibers. In their study, mechanical bonding (hydroentanglement) was used to increase both strength and breaking strain. Heikkilä et al.[8] presented results on foam-laid nonwovens made in the laboratory from cellulosic fibers. They used 12-mm and 24-mm viscose fibers as such and when mixed with softwood kraft pulp fibers. It was concluded that textile-like nonwovens could also be made with foam forming when mechanical bonding, like hydroentanglement, was used. Asikainen et al.[10] studied the mixing of 24-mm staple fibers with foam, and made fibrous sheets from the fiber-laden foam in a laboratory sheet mold. They found that the quality of final fiber sheets was very sensitive to mixing time, foam air content, and fiber weight consistency. Uniform sheets were obtained without the mechanical pretreatment of fibers, with up to 0.3% fiber consistency, which is ten times higher than in the water-laid non-woven industry.