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Nonwovens
Published in Sheraz Ahmad, Abher Rasheed, Ali Afzal, Faheem Ahmad, Advanced Textile Testing Techniques, 2017
Alvira Ayoub Arbab, Awais Khatri, Sheraz Ahmad, Abher Rasheed, Ali Afzal, Faheem Ahmad
Nonwoven fabrics represent the third group of fabric forms after woven and knitted. According to the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM D 1117-80) “a nonwoven is a textile structure produced by the bonding or interlocking of fibers, or both, accomplished by mechanical, chemical, thermal or solvent means and combinations thereof.” A nonwoven fabric is a porous felt or sheet of oriented or random fibers merged by chemical adhesion, mechanical needle punching, and thermal fusion. One of the key benefits of nonwoven construction is that it is generally fabricated in a single continuous process directly from the fibrous materials to the finished product. Moreover the high production rate and low labor cost prompt the invention of novel nonwoven products. Nonwoven fabrication methods can produce a wide range of unique characteristic fabrics. Suitable fibrous materials, web formation, bonding agents, and finishing treatments of nonwovens can alter their wide range of properties. The exceptional features of nonwoven fabrics make them ideal for numerous day-to-day applications. Nonwovens can be engineered into medical textiles, geotextiles, and insulation and filtration media supplies.
Natural Fiber Reinforcement Design
Published in Magdi El Messiry, Natural Fiber Textile Composite Engineering, 2017
Nonwoven fabric can be processed by several methods for binding a mat of randomly oriented fibers together to give its integrity and mechanical properties. The binding of the fibers may be mechanically (Needle punch), chemically, or thermally. There are several methods of forming the nonwoven fabric: dry laid nonwovens, extrusion technology (spun bond, melt blown), and hybrid technology (Stitch bond). Each method ended by completely different material structures that have a different physical and mechanical properties. The production rate the highest is spun bonded and most popular for needle punched. Needle punching is one of the widely used techniques for the production of the nonwoven fabrics, which consist of web forming, needle bonding. The hybrid technology base includes combining systems at least one basic nonwoven web formation to join two or more fabric. Nonwoven methods are the least versatile, but fastest of the other manufacturing technologies. Figure 3.13 illustrates the basic principle of needle punching method.
Textile Fabrics
Published in Yasir Nawab, Syed Talha Ali Hamdani, Khubab Shaker, Structural Textile Design, 2017
Woven fabrics are produced by interlacement of two sets of yarns perpendicular to each other, that is, warp and weft forming a stable structure, while knitted fabrics are made up of interconnected loops of yarn. The bent yarn in a loop provides stretch, comfort, and shape retention properties to knitted fabric. However, the knitted fabrics are generally less durable than the woven fabric. Such properties help to determine the end use of a specific fabric. The chemical and/or mechanical bonding or interlocking of fibers produces a fabric structure known as the nonwoven fabric. The process of fabrics formation also determines the name of fabric produced, for example, felt, lace, double-knit, and tricot.
Preparation and characterization of nanofibrous mats to enhance the anti-viral properties of nonwoven fabrics in medical sectors
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Dina M. Hamoda, Doaa H. Elgohary, Marwa Abou Taleb
Medical textiles require specific properties in order to function properly. These types of textiles are fiber-based products that are used in the medical, hygiene, and health sectors. They are the result of a collaboration between medical science and textile technology (Abdelghaffar et al., 2021; Elgohary et al., 2015). Medical textiles are one of the most sophisticated applications of technical textiles, which refer to a growing range of products and manufacturing techniques originally developed for their technical properties (Elgohary et al., 2021; Elgohary et al., 2015). Nonwoven, like textile fabrics, is a planar structure with different degrees of integrity, surface characteristics, thickness, flexibility, and voids that involves a low cost and production process, nonwoven fabric is a ‘sheet or web structure bonded together by entangling fibres or filament, by various mechanical, thermal, and/or chemical processes’. These are created directly from the individual fibers or from molten plastic or plastic film (Cheema et al., 2018).
Numerical analyses on compaction behavior of nonwoven glass fiber fabric
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Due to their better specific mechanical properties than the conventional materials, the use of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites is increasing in various industries (Chawla, 2019; Mazumdar, 2002). Textile fabrics are widely preferred as reinforcement in composite industry, because of their more tailorable and more damage tolerant structures than the tape laminates (Cox & Flanagan, 1997; Dow & Dexter, 1997; Hearle & Du, 1990; Wambua & Anandjiwala, 2011). The nonwoven fabric is made of generally polymeric (i.e. polypropylene, polyester, viscose rayon, etc.) fibers bonded together by chemical, mechanical, heat or solvent treatment. Although the surface obtained by random launching of chopped glass fiber bundles (random mat: aka planar network of fiber bundles) with a binder chemical is not always referred as a nonwoven, it is widely used in composite industry and denoted as nonwoven fabric in this study to compare its compaction behavior with woven and knitted fabrics.
Mechanical properties of needle-punched/thermally treated non-woven fabrics produced from recycled materials
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Jia-Hsun Li, Bing-Chiuan Shiu, Ching-Wen Lou, Jing-Chzi Hsieh, Wen-Hao Hsing, Jia-Horng Lin
In current textile industry nonwoven fabric products are widely used in a range of areas, including food packaging, clothing, and housing. Based on the considerations of production cost and diverse applications, nonwoven composites play a significant role in providing different formations and functions. In recent years, high strength PET fiber has been rapidly developed and pervasively used, as it has high modulus and high strength and provides ideal reinforcement to matrices (Lou et al., 2017). Therefore, recycling and reclaiming selvages of high-strength PET fabrics can alleviate the damage to the environment and mechanically strengthen the properties of the nonwoven fabrics.