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Introduction
Published in K. Thangamani, S. Sundaresan, Fabric Manufacturing Technology, 2022
Spinning is a process in which the fibre strands are aligned parallel and twisted. The twisting of the strand of fibres increases the friction forces between the fibres and gives strength to the strand to make it a yarn. Twisting the strand is done by a ring and traveller system and this is called ring spinning. Figure 1.1 shows a ring spinning system.
Science in Textile Design
Published in Tarun Grover, Mugdha Thareja, Science in Design, 2020
Spinning is the process of converting the textile fibers/filaments and making them into yarn by twisting or other means of binding together the fibers and/or filaments. The term “spinning” can be associated with “fiber/filament” or “yarn” spinning. In conventional methods of spinning, natural fibers are into yarn by hand; nonconventional methods of spinning derive from more recent technologies and can enhance the appearance and quality parameters of yarn. Short, natural hairs that come from plants like cotton and animals like sheep are called staple fibers, and fibers that are long continuous single strands of more than a km in length are called filaments. Most filaments are synthetic or man-made materials, like polyester and nylon; however, silk is considered a natural filament. Adopting different methods of spinning made it possible to create new types of yarn from different fibers and synthetic filaments. In fiber/filament spinning, continuous filaments are extruded through a spinneret from fiber-forming polymers; these filaments can later be converted into staple fibers for staple yarns or can be the first step in producing filament yarns.
Yarn Formation and Recent Developments
Published in Asis Patnaik, Sweta Patnaik, Fibres to Smart Textiles, 2019
Ring spinning is a method of spinning fibres such as cotton, flax or wool to make a yarn. (http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2013/05/an-overview-of-ring-spinning.html). In ring spinning, the roving is drafted to required fineness with double apron roller drafting system followed by combine twisting and winding to make the yarn. The principle of yarn manufacturing on ring spinning machine has been shown in Figure 3.2. The roving bobbins (1) feeded to ring spinning machine are creel in bobbin holders. The roving is then guided through roving condenser (2) into the 3-over-3 double apron drafting arrangement (3), which draft the roving to the final required count. The drafting arrangement (3) is inclined at an angle of about 45°–60°. The bottom roller (5) is a steel-fluted roller, whereas top roller (4) is synthetic covered and are housed in top pressure arm. Three pairs of rollers make two drafting zones, i.e. back and front zones. The back zone is employed with break draft ranges from 1.03 to 1.3. The front zone is also called main drafting zone, where major draft is employed. The double aprons (6) are present in this zone to control fibre movement. It is one of the most important assemblies on the machine since it has considerable influence on the irregularities present in the yarn.
Influence and comparison of emerging techniques of yarn manufacturing on physical–mechanical properties of polyester-/cotton-blended yarns and their woven fabrics
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2020
Khurram Shehzad Akhtar, Sheraz Ahmad, Ali Afzal, Wardah Anam, Zulfiqar Ali, Tanveer Hussain
Many innovations made to improve the quality and productivity of yarns made by different yarn manufacturing techniques. More than 170 years ago, a vital breakthrough was achieved in the form of development of ring spinning machines (Klein, 1987). This technique is presently the widely used system for the yarn manufacturing throughout the world and it is predicted that it will dominate the short and long staple spinning industry for some more time. The success of ring spinning arises from its flexibility in terms of count, optimal yarn structure, raw material, and ultimately, the strength of yarn manufactured. For long time, ring spinning was assumed to be the perfect method for yarn manufacturing, but this perfection approach was changed with the invention of compact spinning system. It was invented, when Dr. Fehrer at Rieter was studying the possibilities to produce yarn directly from sliver (Lawrence, 2010). For this purpose, modification was made in existing ring frames by dividing the single drafting zone into two separate drafting zones to achieve the required amount draft. It was found to be practically possible and superior in quality but expensive at the same time. The improvement in quality was due to condensation of fibres, so the researchers focused on developing a yarn manufacturing system with pneumatic or mechanical fibre condensers (Meyer, 2000).
Simulation of airflow in the condensing zone of a modified compact spinning device and analysis of its yarn properties
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Ring spinning is one of the most widely used spinning techniques for processing fibers in the textile industry (Yin et al., 2021). Though it has been a kind of successful spinning technology, the existence of twist triangles still brings some negative influences on the yarn quality. Over the past decades, many new developments have been made in order to eliminate the spinning triangle. Notable ones include compact spinning (Cheng & Yu, 2003; Fehrer, 1994), siro spinning (Han et al., 2015, 2020; Liu et al., 2014, 2015) and solo spinning (Fu et al., 2004; Liu et al., 2007). All these novel spinning techniques incorporate particular modification components into the conventional spinning system for the development of improved yarn features.
Cotton mule spinning after Richard Roberts
Published in The International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology, 2022
The question of what a spinning mule is may be thought to be generally known, but does need some clarification. There are a number of stages in the process of forming yarn from raw fibre.16 The whole of this process may be referred to as spinning but more specifically it refers to the final stage, performed by a spinning machine, such as a mule. In the case of cotton spinning, previous stages will have formed a lightly twisted strand of fibre, called roving. Spinning then consists of drawing out (or ‘drafting’) the fibres to the required fineness, inserting twist to bind them together and winding the yarn so formed onto a package.