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Growth, Profits and Technological Choice
Published in John F. Wilson, Steven Toms, Nicholas D. Wong, The Cotton and Textile Industry: Innovation and Maturity, 2021
As the evidence m Table 1.1 and Figure 1.1 suggests, however, although labour cost was higher in ring mills, neither this nor constraints associated with transport and packaging damaged their profitability.60 In contrast to the mills of Oldham, the ring mills of Rochdale did not provide the allegedly technologically conservative Lancashire entrepreneur with capital-intensive-based competitive advantage.61 Due mainly to high labour intensity in intermediate processes, in the 1890s labour cost and labour intensity was higher in Rochdale ring mills than their mule equivalents in Oldham.62 Superior profits demonstrated in Figure 1.1 arose from greater efficiency in output per spindle and specialisation through market niches.63 If labour cost savings did exist they were confined to the spinning process itself. Ring spinning required more labour in roving and other preparation stages and in after spinning processes, such as doffing and winding.64 Doffing was an unskilled task, normally assigned to teams (four per machine) of young and inexperienced workers, and their employment no doubt added to the labour intensity of ring spinning.65 When other entrepreneurs finally began to emulate the Milnrow experiment in the early 1900s, there was little concern with labour saving potentialities.
Yarn Formation and Recent Developments
Published in Asis Patnaik, Sweta Patnaik, Fibres to Smart Textiles, 2019
Ring spinning is a method of spinning fibres such as cotton, flax or wool to make a yarn. (http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2013/05/an-overview-of-ring-spinning.html). In ring spinning, the roving is drafted to required fineness with double apron roller drafting system followed by combine twisting and winding to make the yarn. The principle of yarn manufacturing on ring spinning machine has been shown in Figure 3.2. The roving bobbins (1) feeded to ring spinning machine are creel in bobbin holders. The roving is then guided through roving condenser (2) into the 3-over-3 double apron drafting arrangement (3), which draft the roving to the final required count. The drafting arrangement (3) is inclined at an angle of about 45°–60°. The bottom roller (5) is a steel-fluted roller, whereas top roller (4) is synthetic covered and are housed in top pressure arm. Three pairs of rollers make two drafting zones, i.e. back and front zones. The back zone is employed with break draft ranges from 1.03 to 1.3. The front zone is also called main drafting zone, where major draft is employed. The double aprons (6) are present in this zone to control fibre movement. It is one of the most important assemblies on the machine since it has considerable influence on the irregularities present in the yarn.
Application of RFID in fiber production and yarn manufacturing
Published in Rajkishore Nayak, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology and Application in Fashion and Textile Supply Chain, 2019
Yarn manufacturing or spinning is the process of converting fibers in to yarns. Different types of fibers such as cotton, wool, flax, hemp, nylon and polyester are spun as single fibers or as blends of multiple fibers in different spinning systems such as ring, rotor and airjet to produce yarn. The ring spinning system is widely used due to superior yarn qualities and its versatility to spin a wide range of yarn counts. However, the problem of ring spinning is low productivity and the high number of machines required in the process using substantially higher electricity. Hence, new spinning systems such as rotor and airjet came into play where the strength of the yarn is not a prime factor. The new spinning systems reduce the carbon footprint to a significant amount (van der Velden et al., 2014). The sequence of spinning operations is shown in Figure 3.5.
Theoretical model for the motion of a ring spinning traveler
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Xinrong Li, Hanbang Liu, Pengfei Lv, Lidong Liu
Ring spinning is likely to be the dominant technique in China’s spinning industry for a long time to come. With the growth to maturity of high-speed spinning spindle technology, ring spinning is now developing in the direction of high speed, large volume, and high production capacity. The most important factors restricting the development of high-speed ring spinning involve the ring and traveler system. The motion of the traveler has a significant impact on the spinning quality of a ring spinning frame, on the yarn breakage rate, and on the design and use of the traveler. Therefore, it is important to analyze the motion of the traveler during the spinning process. To do this, it is necessary to carry out a force analysis on the traveler and establish its dynamic balance equation. The yarn tension of the balloon segment (Chang et al., 2018) will change with its shape, which directly affects the force on the traveler. Therefore, to determine the state of motion of the traveler, it is essential to take account of the behavior of the balloon (Fraser et al., 1995).
Eco-efficient production for industrial small and medium-sized enterprises through energy optimisation: framework and evaluation
Published in Production Planning & Control, 2021
Identifying EOOs and action planning for EOO deployment: For the identifications of EOOs at the mill, an energy audit is carried out over a period of two weeks in October 2017 (Figure 2). The production system at the textile mill is divided into three sections. The first section, called the card sliver (yarn), comprises the blowroom, where the impurities in the form of seeds and other foreign particles are removed from the raw cotton by revolving beaters, and the carding machines, which convert the cotton into thick yarn. A centralised waste collection system, powered by motors, collected the waste from the blowroom using suction pressure. As per the audit, hourly power consumption of this section is 137.83 kWh. Second section of the mill is combed sliver, which consumes 39.53 kWh/h and ensures the uniformity of the yarn thickness and removal of short fibres using the drawn frame and comber machines. The third section, called the ring spinning, is involved in the twisting of fibres into yarn and winding the yarn into bobbins for storage using speed frame, ring frame and autoconer machines. It consumes 740.93 kWh/h. The audit revealed that the auxiliary utilities at the mill such as the humidification plant, compressor and lighting consume 261.97 kWh (per hour) of energy.
Influence and comparison of emerging techniques of yarn manufacturing on physical–mechanical properties of polyester-/cotton-blended yarns and their woven fabrics
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2020
Khurram Shehzad Akhtar, Sheraz Ahmad, Ali Afzal, Wardah Anam, Zulfiqar Ali, Tanveer Hussain
Many innovations made to improve the quality and productivity of yarns made by different yarn manufacturing techniques. More than 170 years ago, a vital breakthrough was achieved in the form of development of ring spinning machines (Klein, 1987). This technique is presently the widely used system for the yarn manufacturing throughout the world and it is predicted that it will dominate the short and long staple spinning industry for some more time. The success of ring spinning arises from its flexibility in terms of count, optimal yarn structure, raw material, and ultimately, the strength of yarn manufactured. For long time, ring spinning was assumed to be the perfect method for yarn manufacturing, but this perfection approach was changed with the invention of compact spinning system. It was invented, when Dr. Fehrer at Rieter was studying the possibilities to produce yarn directly from sliver (Lawrence, 2010). For this purpose, modification was made in existing ring frames by dividing the single drafting zone into two separate drafting zones to achieve the required amount draft. It was found to be practically possible and superior in quality but expensive at the same time. The improvement in quality was due to condensation of fibres, so the researchers focused on developing a yarn manufacturing system with pneumatic or mechanical fibre condensers (Meyer, 2000).