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Cleaning of textile materials
Published in Rajkishore Nayak, Saminathan Ratnapandian, Care and Maintenance of Textile Products Including Apparel and Protective Clothing, 2018
Rajkishore Nayak, Saminathan Ratnapandian
Colour fading: One of the major problems garments face is poor colour fastness. A coloured item may encounter a number of agencies during its lifetime that can cause the colour either to fade or to bleed into an adjacent uncoloured or light-coloured item [222]. New garments may experience colour loss due to the removal of excess colour that was not adequately rinsed after dyeing. Colour loss can occur by the migration of weakly bonded dye molecules out of the fibre. Colour loss during washing will stain other materials and this will be influenced by the ratio of coloured to uncoloured items, fibre content of other items and end-use conditions [223,224]. A specific hue may be produced by the mixing of two or more dyes. If one component is degraded or lost from the material, the colour will be altered.
The Measurement of Textile Material Properties
Published in Tom Cassidy, Parikshit Goswami, Textile and Clothing Design Technology, 2017
Color fastness describes the properties of dyes in fabrics when enduring conditions and chemicals that they are exposed to. ISO 105 is a set of standards that explain test procedures for several color fastness tests, test conditions, and assessing procedures. Generally, one standard explains the determination of color fastness against one factor. Color fastness is assessed in most tests as a change in color and staining. A color fastness test applies not only for the specific dye examined but also for the dyeing procedure. Therefore, the same dye used in a different dyeing procedure might give a different result in a color fastness test. Furthermore, the dyed fiber type has an effect on the result.
Testing and appraisal
Published in Michael Hann, Textile Design, 2020
Colour fastness is the measure of the resistance of the colour in a dyed cloth when exposed to certain agents or conditions. Colour fastness of cloths to light, laundering, chlorinated and non-chlorinated water, and perspiration are crucial considerations depending on the anticipated end use. Numerous tests for colour fastness under different conditions have evolved. Generally, five grades are used in the scale from 5 (signifying no apparent change) to 1 (where substantial change appears to be the case). In the case of fastness to light (where more detail is considered necessary to help with dye selection) a scale of 1 to 8 is used, with 8 representing the highest degree of fastness.
Effect of a novel press washing mode on appearance and mechanical properties of silk garments: comparison with hand washing and front-loading machine washing
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Yan Luo, Caixia Wang, Lihui Wang, Xuemei Ding, Xiongying Wu
The color fastness of the samples was evaluated according to ISO 105-A05:1996 (Textiles—Tests for color fastness—Part A05: Instrumental assessment of change in color for determination of grey scale rating). A portable spectrophotometer (Ci6X series, X-rite Incorporated) was applied in this study to measure the color values of the reference (i.e. the unlaundered sample) and test samples. Since the color of silk fabrics was not absolutely uniform, five points were tested for each sample, and the color values of the samples were then converted into color fastness grades reflecting color changes using formulas (1)–(3). The mean values were finally taken, expressed to the nearest half-point. Also, the standard deviations of the results were given. where is the color difference value of the sample; ΔΔ are the differences in lightness, chroma and hue between the reference and sample; is the grey scale rating for color change.
Eco-friendly antibacterial dyeing of poly(lactic acid) with prodigiosins suspension produced by Zooshikella ganghwensis
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Lili Feng, Limin Ren, Lejun Wang, Hongjie Zhang
Color fastness, referring to the resistance of a material to change in any of its color characteristics to various parameters during process and testing, is an important indicator in case of dyed textile materials (Zuber et al., 2012). Table 2 displays rubbing fastness and washing fastness of PLA nonwoven fabrics, they are divided into five levels according to the standard textile testing methods, among which level 5 is the best and level 1 is the worst color fastness, respectively. Apparently, dyed samples exhibited outstanding rubbing fastness, indicating that prodigiosins had excellent affinity toward PLA nonwoven fabrics. Meanwhile, since prodigiosins were almost insoluble in water, dyed samples exhibited good washing fastness (4–5), which was consistent with the literature reported (Gong et al., 2017; Ren et al., 2017).
The feasibility of reusing highway runoff for fabric dyeing: a proof of concept
Published in Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research, 2022
Muhammad Arslan, Irfan Ahmed Shaikh
Colorfastness is a material's resistance to color fading when exposed to the environment. A standard greyscale rating was used to assess or rate the color fading or staining during fastness testing, as shown in Table 7. Greyscale is used to visually assess and compare the loss of color by identifying a half-step rating of 5, 4-5, 4, 3-4, 3, 2-3, 2, 1-2, and 1. The half-step scale consists of pairings of grey color swatches, from 5 being good to 1 being poor. One half of the pair is always the same shade of grey, with the second half getting lighter as you move down the ratings. Each pairing illustrates the difference in shade between a sample which has undergone testing and a control sample, which corresponds to a numbered rating (ISO-105 A2; Rahman et al. 2016). The colorfastness to washing and colorfastness to crocking/ rubbings test results were very close to that of dyeing with distilled water, as shown in Table 8.