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Implementation of Machine Learning in Color Perception and Psychology: A Review
Published in Rekh Ram Janghel, Rohit Raja, Korhan Cengiz, Hiral Raja, Next Generation Healthcare Systems Using Soft Computing Techniques, 2023
Mitra, Dipannita Basu, Ahona Ghosh
Color perception requires two elements, an illuminant and an observer, to grasp the object's color. Connivance between an illuminant and an observer is required, where the observer is the human encephalon [1]. The encephalon amasses the knowledge from each group of receptors, which gives rise to distinct perceptions of various wavelengths of light. In the human eye, cones and rods are not uniformly dispersed. The various wavelengths of visible light, such as red, are perceptible primarily at around 700 nanometers. The color violet's wavelength is 380 nanometers, which is short and frequent. Various colors invoke the feeling of happiness in the observer [2]. A happy color produces more satisfaction than perceived, an effect known as affective contrast enhancement. When a person views a dull-colored object, the light reflected activates the ocular process in the eye because contrasting illuminants have divergent spectral energy scattering, which is called color constancy—using light as a parameter of high- and low-intensity categorization of various colors carried out using machine learning and computer vision algorithms. Color blindness is a term given to the condition where individuals have trouble discriminating variations of color. It is not the shortcoming of the eye; instead, it is an obstruction of the brain, and the term is ambiguous because a person with color blindness is not blind. The association between color and emotion has possible comparability across cultures based on emotion surveys.
Did the Ancient Greeks perceive the color ‘blue’? An interdisciplinary approach
Published in Mário S. Ming Kong, Maria do Rosário Monteiro, Maria João Pereira Neto, Creating Through Mind and Emotions, 2022
In 1601, Guido Antonio Scarmiglioni proposed the existence of five simple colors, from which all others were obtained. At that time, he could only be considering color-pigment mixtures: However, in 1855, Maxwell showed that just three types of light were needed to create almost any color: red-orange, blue-violet, and green: in mixing light rays of different wavelengths, color is synthesized through the addition of several components, which together stimulate the retina to create a particular color sensation in an additive mixture. Colors that are obtained from mixtures between primaries are called secondary colors. Mixtures of color light are additive and differ from mixtures of color pigments, which are subtractive. Newton systematized the spectrum by separating the brightest or “simple” colors from the “composite” or intermediate colors: there are seven simple or primary colors when effectively the spectrum is a continuous gradation of colors that mix. The naming of colors in this continuum can be done according to a variety of chromatic principles.
Blackbody Radiation and Light
Published in Juan Bisquert, The Physics of Solar Energy Conversion, 2020
The visible spectrum ranges from 390 nm (violet) to 780 nm (red), see Figure 17.4. Our perception of color results from the composition of the light (the energy spectrum of the photons) that enters the eye. Cone cells in human eye are of three different types, sensible to three different ranges of frequency, which the eye interprets as blue (with a peak close to 419 nm), green (peaking at 531 nm), and red (with a peak close to 558 nm, which is more yellowish) (Figure 17.4). Naturally occurring colors are composed of a broad range of wavelengths. The wavelength that appears to be the most dominant in a color is the color’s hue. The saturation is a measure of the purity of the color and indicates the amount of distribution in wavelengths in the color. A highly saturated color will contain a very narrow set of wavelengths.
Color-space analytics for damage detection in 3D point clouds
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2022
Mozhgan Momtaz Dargahi, Ali Khaloo, David Lattanzi
A color space is a mathematical model that represents color information as three or four different color components. Different color spaces are used for applications such as computer graphics, image processing, TV broadcasting, and computer vision (Kolkur, Kalbande, Shimpi, Bapat, & Jatakia, 2017). The RGB color space is widely used and is normally the default color space for storing and representing digital images. Other color spaces are often described as a linear or non-linear transformation from RGB (Patil & Patil, 2012). The high correlation between the color components and mixture of chrominance and luminance make RGB difficult for color-based damage detection algorithms(Ibraheem, Hasan, Khan, & Mishra, 2012; Rasras, El, & Skopin, 2007). Appropriate color space selection is fundamental to developing an effective color-based defect detection algorithm (Khan et al., 2012). The choice of appropriate color space is often determined by the performance of the algorithm in minimizing the effects of illumination and viewpoint variations between point clouds and maximizing the separability of defects from the component surface. In this study, five color spaces were evaluated in order to determine the most reliable color representation for damage detection: YIQ, normalized RGB, XYZ, HSI, and L*a*b (Szeliski, 2010; Westland, Ripamonti, & Cheung, 2012; Sundararajan, 2017)
A common type of commercially available LED light source allows for colour discrimination performance at a level comparable to halogen lighting
Published in Ergonomics, 2019
Sara Königs, Susanne Mayr, Axel Buchner
Light sources based on light emitting diodes (LEDs) have become superior to other conventional light sources such as incandescent, halogen, or fluorescent lamps in terms of lifetime and efficiency (Chang et al. 2012). The efficiency of a light source is characterised by its luminous efficacy which is defined as the ratio of the luminous flux to the electrical power consumption (Boyce 2014), measured in lumens per watt (lm/W). Apart from luminous efficacy and lifetime, LED-based light sources differ from other conventional light sources in their spectral power distribution. The spectral power distribution reflects the intensity of emitted radiation at each wavelength (Houser et al. 2016). Radiation in the wavelength range from 380 to 780 nm (the visible spectrum) leads to a response of the human visual system (Boyce 2014) and thus triggers the perception of colour; for normal observers short wavelengths appear as blue light, medium wavelengths as green light, and long wavelengths as red light (Houser et al. 2016).
Dye adsorption and intensity in bobbin crusade in dyeing mixed acrylic and cotton yarn
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Catia Rosana Lange de Aguiar, Antonio Augusto Ulson de Souza, Selene Maria Arruda Guelli Ulson de Souza
Color is a word that describes an uneven distribution of radiant energy, visible by the eyes, from a light source reflecting from objects. Chemically, it is the result of a reaction that occurs with some molecules, affording groups which when electronically excited emit characteristic radiation (Farkas, 2001). To assess color intensity, the yarn samples were measured on an X-Rite brand color spectrophotometer. The color intensity was determined by the spectral reflectance curve, which represents the identity of a color. In this study, the color intensity in percentage was measured in CMC language (Color Measurement Committee).