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Implementation of Machine Learning in Color Perception and Psychology: A Review
Published in Rekh Ram Janghel, Rohit Raja, Korhan Cengiz, Hiral Raja, Next Generation Healthcare Systems Using Soft Computing Techniques, 2023
Mitra, Dipannita Basu, Ahona Ghosh
Color perception requires two elements, an illuminant and an observer, to grasp the object's color. Connivance between an illuminant and an observer is required, where the observer is the human encephalon [1]. The encephalon amasses the knowledge from each group of receptors, which gives rise to distinct perceptions of various wavelengths of light. In the human eye, cones and rods are not uniformly dispersed. The various wavelengths of visible light, such as red, are perceptible primarily at around 700 nanometers. The color violet's wavelength is 380 nanometers, which is short and frequent. Various colors invoke the feeling of happiness in the observer [2]. A happy color produces more satisfaction than perceived, an effect known as affective contrast enhancement. When a person views a dull-colored object, the light reflected activates the ocular process in the eye because contrasting illuminants have divergent spectral energy scattering, which is called color constancy—using light as a parameter of high- and low-intensity categorization of various colors carried out using machine learning and computer vision algorithms. Color blindness is a term given to the condition where individuals have trouble discriminating variations of color. It is not the shortcoming of the eye; instead, it is an obstruction of the brain, and the term is ambiguous because a person with color blindness is not blind. The association between color and emotion has possible comparability across cultures based on emotion surveys.
Data visualization
Published in Benjamin S. Baumer, Daniel T. Kaplan, Nicholas J. Horton, Modern Data Science with R, 2021
Benjamin S. Baumer, Daniel T. Kaplan, Nicholas J. Horton
Second, approximately 8% of the population—most of whom are men—have some form of color blindness. Most commonly, this renders them incapable of seeing colors accurately, most notably of distinguishing between red and green. Compounding the problem, many of these people do not know that they are color-blind. Thus, for professional graphics it is worth thinking carefully about which colors to use. The National Football League famously failed to account for this in a 2015 game in which the Buffalo Bills wore all-red jerseys and the New York Jets wore all-green, leaving colorblind fans unable to distinguish one team from the other!
Presenting Your Results
Published in Walter Fox Smith, Experimental Physics, 2020
Bear in mind that 8% of men and 0.5% of women have some form of color blindness, most commonly a reduced ability to distinguish reds, greens, browns, and oranges. So, you should use other elements in addition to color to distinguish different datasets (e.g., different plotting symbols or line dash styles). If you search for “Coblis” (COlor BLIndness Simulator) on the internet, you can view a jpg or png version of your graphic as it would be seen by a color blind person.
Influences of Color Salience and Location of Website Links on User Performance and Affective Experience with a Mobile Web Directory
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2021
Yaqin Cao, Robert W. Proctor, Yi Ding, Vincent G. Duffy, Yun Zhang, Xuefeng Zhang
As in previous studies (Ding et al., 2020; Guo et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2016, 2019; Q. Wang et al., 2014), the participants in this study were all college students. Student samples are considered for the following two reasons: First, college students comprise a large portion of the mobile Internet users worldwide. Therefore, college students’ responses to different webpage interfaces provide valuable practical information for companies to improve their webpage designs to attract and retain these groups. Second, previous studies have suggested that students share very similar affective responses to visual stimuli as other age groups given that “human emotions are generally regarded as basic physiological and mental states that result from collecting sensory information and transmitting it to cognitive and behavioral systems” (Deng & Poole, 2010). Although the insights collected from college students allow researchers to gauge the affective responses of other groups to Web directories with different color and location of website links, it would be worthwhile to examine the impact of individual differences (e.g., age, gender, occupation, and culture) on performance, affective experiences and approach-avoidance response to verify the external validity of the results. Particularly, approximately 4% of the world population has some degree of color blindness (Corbett et al., 2016), and 8% of the male population is color-blind (Pelet & Papadopoulou, 2012). Although no participant reported colorblindness in our study, a test for color blindness (e.g., The Ishihara test) (Ichihara, 1999) could be conducted to guarantee that participants were not color blind. It is also worth to figure out how to design mobile Web directories for those particular groups.