China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Dyes and their application
Published in Michael Hann, Textile Design, 2020
The colouration of textiles is through a process known as dyeing. Most textiles can be dyed, though techniques differ from one situation to another. Colour on textiles should be even (or level) and have a high degree of permanence (or should be fast) to its anticipated environment, and there are several approaches to achieving this. A wide variety of dyestuffs, techniques and machinery is available to manufacturers. Most textile dyeing is done either in dye houses, associated with large vertically organised textile producers, or by relatively small-scale specialist dyers, often working on a commission basis. In the early-twenty-first century, the vast bulk of the textile industry globally was using synthetic dyestuffs; practical knowledge of natural dyestuffs and their application was largely long gone from manufacturing memory. The intention of this chapter is to identify the principal dye classes and the types of machinery used, and to present an outline of the procedures necessary in the colouration of textiles, including various forms of printing. While the focus is on textiles and their dyeing and printing, the reader could benefit from consulting The Printmaking Handbook by Woods (2008), which gives a detailed breakdown of processes and products of value to the general artistic practitioner and designer, though the book is not focused specifically on textile colouration. Among the best publications with a textile focus are Foulds (1990), Storey (1992), Miles (1994), Ujiie (2006) and Wisbrun (2011).
Introduction
Published in Ram Lakhan Singh, Pradeep Kumar Singh, Rajat Pratap Singh, Recent Advances in Decolorization and Degradation of Dyes in Textile Effluent by Biological Approaches, 2019
Ram Lakhan Singh, Pradeep Kumar Singh, Rajat Pratap Singh
On the basis of a large volume of wastewater and composition of effluent, textile industries are considered to be one of the most polluting industries. The textile effluent contains organic and inorganic chemicals which are responsible for pollution problems. The major pollutants in textile wastewater originate from dyeing and finishing procedures. Different classes of dyes are utilized for coloring and shading the textiles during the dyeing stage. Dyeing is the procedure of adding color to the textile products such as fibers, yarns and fabrics. Subsequent to coloring, the textiles are subjected to an assortment of finishing processes. These production processes consume vast volumes of water as well as generate a huge amount of wastewater and a generous quantity of waste products (Babu et al. 2007).
Textile Wastewater
Published in Arun Kumar, Jay Shankar Singh, Microalgae in Waste Water Remediation, 2021
When fabric is free from all impurities and undesired colors, the most important and also a polluted one process dyeing is applied to attain the desired color to the required fabric. These are known as colored fabrics. For this, a fabric undergoes a ‘wet processing’ method; the dye is first dissolved in water and then applied to the fabric to provide the required color and also the durability. Although printing is also one of the dyeing processes, but the main difference between both the processes is the application and the region where are they applied. In the dyeing process, a solution of dyes are used and applied to the whole fabric; while in printing, dyes are used in the form of thick paste and applied on a particular portion that is responsible for a particular design.
Ultrasound-assisted of poly (trimethylene terephthalate) dyeing with nano-disperse blue 79: isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics insights
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Shirin Babaei Golshan Abadi, Mohammad Esmail Yazdanshenas, Ramin Khajavi, Abosaeed Rashidi, Mehdi Varsei
Dyeing is a physicochemical process which it is affected by the various parameters such as pH, temperature, time, and concentration. Therefore, these parameters were investigated in dyeing the PTT with the dispersed dyes. To calibration the dyeing of polyester fibers with dispersed Blue 79 dye, the dye calibration diagram should be drawn (Figure 5). The highest absorption wavelength for the Blue 79 dye is observed in 547 nm. For the calibration, a 25 mg L−1 of Blue 79 dye was used, and then its adsorption rate was measured by an absorption spectrophotometer. The dye concentration is reduced, and again the adsorption rate was measured. This procedure was repeated several times until the concentration of dye reaches 2 mg L−1. After the measuring adsorption rate of the last sample, the adsorption diagram was plotted with respect to concentration and its gradient was calculated.
The feasibility of reusing highway runoff for fabric dyeing: a proof of concept
Published in Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research, 2022
Muhammad Arslan, Irfan Ahmed Shaikh
Dyeing is the application of dyes or pigments on textile materials such as fibers, yarns and fabrics to achieve color with desired colorfastness through physical or chemical action. According to the way of dyeing, this process has been divided into dip dyeing and padding methods. On the other hand, according to the production and processing links, it has been divided into five steps; solution dyeing, fiber dyeing, top dyeing, yarn dyeing, piece dyeing and garment dyeing. In this research work, the padding method with the solution dyeing process has been used. Three reactive dyes; Remazol brilliant red 6B, Remazol navy blue GG and Remazol yellow GR were prepared with sodium chloride (NaCl), Glauber's salt (Na2SO4), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), acetic acid (CH3COOH), sequestering agent and wetting agent as auxiliaries. The recipe used for dyeing is shown in Table 4. The dyeing of the sample was carried out in a laboratory-scale HT dyeing machine. The required amount of solution from a stock solution of dye, water, and required number of auxiliaries and sample were added in a stainless-steel beaker. The machine was adjusted at a temperature of 75 °C. The machine was switched on and continue to run for 60 min. After 60 min, the machine switched off, and the sample was rinsed with cold and hot water after lowering of temperature. After that sample was soaped off by using 2 g/l non-ionic detergent at 70 °C for 10 min. Finally, the sample was dried to perform washing fastness and crocking/ rubbing fastness tests.
Biosorption studies of methylene blue dye using NaOH-treated Aspergillus niger-filled sodium alginate microbeads
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2023
Mesut Bilgi, Volkan Ugraskan, Birol Isik
Dyes have been used in many areas such as textile, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, plastics, photographic, and paper industries. Among them, dyes are mostly used in the textile industry for dyeing materials such as wool, silk, nylon, polyester, acrylic, and so on. The annual production amount of approximately 100,000 kinds of dyes and pigments used in the textile industry reaches 700 kilotons (Drumond Chequer et al. 2013; Berradi et al. 2019).