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Wireless Networks
Published in Vikas Kumar Jha, Bishwajeet Pandey, Ciro Rodriguez Rodriguez, Network Evolution and Applications, 2023
Vikas Kumar Jha, Bishwajeet Pandey, Ciro Rodriguez Rodriguez
Third generation of mobile communication standards, similar to GSM, was introduced in the year 2000. The use of packet switching rather than circuit switching for data transmission is the main difference between third and second-generation mobile communications. Several features offered by the third-generation mobile are faster communication, high-speed web, increased security, video conferencing, 3D gaming, TV streaming, and so on. It is based on the International Telecommunication Union formulated plan of 2,000 MHz band implementation globally to support a single and ubiquitous wireless standard throughout the world. The implementation plan of the International Telecommunication Union was called as International Mobile Telephone 2000 (IMT-2000) standard. The CDMA systems–based third-generation evolution led to CDMA 2000 standard, which is a family of third-generation mobile technology standards to send voice, data, and signaling between mobile phones and cell sites. Several variants of CDMA 2000 are based on IS-95 and IS95B technologies which were the second-generation standards also known as cdmaOne. The GSM-based third-generation evolution led to wideband CDMA, also called as the Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service.
Smart Grid Technologies
Published in Stuart Borlase, Smart Grids, 2017
The second-generation (“2G”) wireless systems that began to be deployed in the 1990s have slowly repaired the relationship between utilities and commercial cellular network providers. The 2G network rollouts coincided with the massive adoption of cellular technologies worldwide, making the networks more ubiquitous, reliable, and cost effective. The cellular world split into two main camps at this point: those carriers who chose to utilize the global system for mobile communications (GSM) system and its data protocols of GPRS and enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE) and those who chose the CDMA2000 family and its one times radio transmission technology (1×RTT) data protocol. The North American carriers that chose GSM included Cingular/AT&T Wireless, T-Mobile, and Rogers Wireless, while Verizon, Sprint, and Bell Canada chose CDMA2000.
First- and Second-generation Cellular Systems
Published in Goff Hill, The Cable and Telecommunications Professionals' Reference, 2012
The family of CDMAOne systems includes the following cellular versions: Temporary version: IS-95 (announced in 1993).CDMAOne or IS-95A: (announced in 1995).IS-95B is a 2.5G system; other 2.5G systems are 1xRTT, IS-95+, and CDMA2000 1x.1xRTT is a High 2.5G system and sometimes considered a 3G system.The CDMA2000 family: CDMA2000 is a 3G system, sometimes called IS-2000.CDMA2000 1xEV-DO is the standard for 1× Evolution-Data Optimized, originally 1x Evolution-Data Only, also referred to as 1xEV-DO, EV-DO, EVDO, or just DO.CDMA2000 1xEV-DV (1x Evolution-Data/Voice).
A vision of 6G – 5G's successor
Published in Journal of Management Analytics, 2020
In May 2000, the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) determined that the WCDMA, CDMA2000, and TDSCDMA wireless interfaces were 3G standards. In 2007, the WiMAX standard was added. This group was collectively called the IMT-2000, internationally. 3G could provide mobile multimedia services including voice, image, data, and video. The data transmission rate could reach 2 Mbps. Although 3G could achieve a network speed of 2 Mbps, it still found it difficult to meet the needs for image transmission and video. In addition, the mobile communication systems of WCDMA, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA, and WiMAX standards were not compatible with each other. The standard for unifying them had not yet been completed. In addition, CDMA had the problem of self-interference. The system design of the mainstream standard WCDMA was too complicated, and the deployment cost was high (Kalbande, Haji, & Haji, 2019; Mourad, Yang, Lehne, & de la Oliva, 2020; Tomkos, Klonidis, Pikasis, & Theodoridis, 2020).