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Safety Guidelines for Electromagnetic Field Exposure and Mobile Towers
Published in Jitendra Behari, Radio Frequency and Microwave Effects on Biological Tissues, 2019
The mobile phone works by communicating with a nearby base station (also called a “cell site”) which connects it to the main phone network (Figure 5.5). When moving, if the mobile phone gets too far away from the cell it is connected to, that cell sends a message to another cell to convey the new cell to take over the call. This is termed a “hand off,” and the call continues with the new cell the phone taking over. The taken over is done so well and carefully that the user does not know that the call was transferred to another cell. The level of RF energy inside buildings where a base station signal is available is typically much lower than the level outside, depending on the construction materials of the building. The RF waves transmitted and reflected to and from these base stations and in the process are given off into the environment, where people are exposed to these radiations. Since this is a chronic phenomenon, their biological effects may be important and need to be examined in detail.Their biological effect is now well documented (French et al. 2001; Behari 2009). An estimate of power emission from a tower is shown in Tables 6.2a, b, c, and 6.3).
Mobile Internet Devices and the Cloud
Published in John W. Rittinghouse, James F. Ransome, Cloud Computing, 2017
John W. Rittinghouse, James F. Ransome
The definition of a smartphone is not standardized and varies depending on who you ask. For most users, the consensus is that a smartphone is a mobile device that offers advanced capabilities beyond those offered by a typical mobile phone. Modern versions come with PC-like functionality. Many of the newer models have customized operating systems and associated software that provides a standardized interface. Nearly all smartphones have advanced features such as email, Internet access, instant messaging, etc. Smartphones are much more than just another cell phone. They provide instant access to the web, which translates into immediate collaboration capability. Whether you are researching financial news to predict the stock market or looking for the perfect golf course to treat your client, it’s on the Internet. Most smartphones allow you to sync data with your desktop computer. You can store and work on documents from your smartphone, and you can receive and reply to emails as they arrive in your inbox using realtime push email.
How Information Technology Is Changing E-business on the Way to the Digital Economy
Published in Anna Brzozowska, Dagmara Bubel, Larysa Nekrasenko, Organisation Management in the Digital Economy, 2022
Anna Brzozowska, Dagmara Bubel, Larysa Nekrasenko
Rules, safety when using online banking services are the following:Never provide information about your cards to third parties, even if they contact you on behalf of the bank.Set a password. Modern phones and tablets allow restricting access to the device with a password, PIN, graphic key, etc.Do not pass the smartphone to strangers. If your phone or tablet falls into the hands of an attacker, he will be able to use your SMS banking, receive one-time passwords to log into your Internet bank account and confirm payments.Protect your smartphone and tablet from viruses. In order not to infect your phone with viruses:Do not hack into the operating system of your smartphone and do not conduct banking operations via the Internet on a device with a broken operating systemDo not visit unfamiliar sitesDo not click on suspicious linksInstall software only from trusted sourcesWhen installing applications from the App Store or Play Market, carefully read the permissions that applications request;Make sure that anti-virus software is installed and updated on mobile phones on time.When selling goods on the Internet, to receive a transfer to the card for the sale of goods, enter only the card number.The buyer’s requirements to provide other data (CVV2 code, card validity period, balance or card type) for transferring money to the seller’s card should be suspicious.
Effect of radiation emitted from mobile phone on bone marrow haematopoietic stem cell in mice
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2023
Pei Yinhui, Gao Hui, Zhang Mingzhu, Wang Xiaoping, Sun Jian, Zhou Fangyuan, Zhu Yufang, Yang Yajing
Mobile phones are low-power radio devices which work on electromagnetic fields with the frequency range of 900–1800 MHz. The rapid increase of mobile phone subscribers has given rise to more and more concerns about the potential adverse effect on health due to the frequency radiation emitted from such communication devices. Earlier studies related to phone emission radiofrequency radiation have verified adverse effects on health. In the past several decades, multiple studies by epidemiology (1), animal model (2) and cell culture (3) have been conducted to explore the various health hazards caused by cell radiation. The conclusions varied in different researches, and many factors as survey sample, radiation intensity of the magnetic field, as well as exposure duration may have contributed to those various results. To the best of our knowledge, previous research work mainly pertained to immune system (4), optic nerve (5), liver (6), brain (7), reproductive system (8), mental health (9), gene mutation (10) and tumour (11).