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Thermal Power Generation
Published in T.M. Aggarwal, Environmental Control in Thermal Power Plants, 2021
Waste characteristics: The wastes generated are typical of those from combustion processes. The exhaust gases contain particulates (including heavy metals if present in the fuel), sulphur and nitrogen oxides, and in some cases, VOCs. Nitrogen oxides are the main concern after particulate matter in the air emissions. NOx emissions levels are (almost exponentially) dependent on the temperature of combustion, in addition to other factors. Most of the NOx emissions are formed from the air used for combustion and typically range from 1,100 to 2,000 ppm at 15% oxygen. Carbon dioxide emissions are approximately 600 g/kWh of electricity, and total hydrocarbons (calculated as methane equivalent) are 0.5 g/kWh of electricity.
Energy Markets’ Risks
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Global Energy Market Trends, 2021
Cars, trucks, and all other vehicles are another great contributor to medical externalities. They use a lot of energy and emit a lot of pollution during their life time. It starts from the manufacturing process, and continues with the emission of huge amount of GHG gasses on the roadways, waterways and the air. The exhaust gases, while contributing to abnormal climate phenomena and global warming, also harm people and animals.
Emissions Control Measures
Published in Neil Petchers, Combined Heating, Cooling & Power Handbook: Technologies & Applications, 2020
Exhaust gas treatment technologies can be used as the sole basis of control, or with reductions achieved upstream by combustion operation or equipment modifications. Exhaust gas treatment systems are classified as selective or non-selective, depending on whether they selectively reduce NOX or simultaneously reduce NOX, unburned hydrocarbons, and CO.
Recent advances in conventional and genetically modified macroalgal biomass as substrates in bioethanol production: a review
Published in Biofuels, 2023
Priyadharsini P, Dawn SS, Arun J, Alok Ranjan, Jayaprabakar J
The energy problem, especially in industrialized countries, is one of the biggest concerns around the globe. With rapidly expanding requirements, rising fuel costs, dwindling petrochemical supplies, and toxic emissions, a desire for alternatives to routinely used fossil fuels arose. Biofuels have proven to be a popular substitute for fossil fuels owing to their low emissions, sustainability and oxygenation. Many nations have already implemented the 10% ethanol mixing method in commercial automobiles, and a possible further objective is 20% mixing. In the last few decades, the demand for and availability of ethanol have almost tripled [112]. With the growing concern for environmental protection and stronger exhaust gas regulations, reducing engine emissions is a key research element in engine development. Vegetable oils are made up of a variety of chemical components, ranging from basic straight chains to complex proteins and fat-soluble vitamins. Triglycerides with a range of branched chains of varied lengths are the most common. Vegetable oils have shown promise as a compression ignition (CI) engine fuel [113].
PTFE emulsion treatment of polyimide/superfine glass fiber needle-punched complex filters
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Xiangnan Yuan, Sha Cheng, Jing Gao
With the rapid growth of industrialization, air pollution becomes a difficult but urgent issue to be solved. The exhaust gases discharged from fuels burning, steel production, waste incineration, etc. contain lots of harmful particulate matter, which would not only negatively impact the environment but also pose a great threat to human health. Additionally, in order to comply with the increasingly stringent air quality standards as well as recycle valuable matter from the residual gas economically, the dust suppression strategies targeting various emission resources are very essential. One of the effective ways is to develop more refined air filtration technology. To accomplishment this, air filter, especially fiber-based bag filter plays an important role in purifying dust-containing flue gas due to good applicability and low cost (Lelieveld et al., 2015; Peng et al., 2009; Zheng & Kanaoka, 2018).
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MARINE ENGINE EXHAUST EMISSIONS
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Luka Mihanović, Maro Jelić, Gojmir Radica, Nikola Račić
Reducing the specific fuel consumption results in a lower amount of exhaust emissions, since the amount of exhaust emissions depends on the fuel mass injected into the working cylinder. The more fuel is injected into the combustion chamber, the greater the mass of the exhaust emissions, and vice versa. Other methods for reducing harmful exhaust emissions include exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), a waste heat recovery system (WHR) and the Rankine cycle (ORC) that generate energy from exhaust gases. The use of the waste heat recovery (WHR) system enables a lower specific fuel consumption by 6%. Exhausted gas recirculation contributes to the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Oxygen concentration is one of the essential factors in the formation of nitrogen oxides together with the combustion temperature and the duration of combustion.