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Meeting the requirements of the Building Regulations
Published in Ray Tricker, Samantha Alford, Building Regulations Pocket Book, 2023
Incomplete combustion occurs when the supply of air or oxygen is poor. Water is still produced, but carbon monoxide and carbon are produced instead of carbon dioxide. The carbon is released as soot, whilst carbon monoxide as a poisonous gas. For this reason, stoves, cookers and boilers should have permanently open air vent(s).
An Overview of the Sources, Structure, Applications, and Biodegradability of Agricultural Wastes
Published in Sefiu Adekunle Bello, Hybrid Polymeric Nanocomposites from Agricultural Waste, 2023
Funsho Olaitan Kolawole, Ibiwumi Damaris Kolawole, Okhiria Dickson Udebhulu, Shola Kolade Kolawole, Michael Moses Aba, Patience Bello Shamaki
Combustion accounts for 97% of bioenergy use and involves the partial or complete oxidation of solid biomass to convert chemical energy to heat. The efficiency of the combustion process is dependent on factors like the characteristics of the fuel, operating conditions, types of furnaces, etc. Application of this technique spans from drying to concurrent production of thermal and electrical energy through steam turbines [62,65].
Rapidly Changing Environment and Role of Microbiome in Restoring and Creating Sustainable Approaches
Published in Suhaib A. Bandh, Javid A. Parray, Nowsheen Shameem, Climate Change and Microbial Diversity, 2023
Manishankar Chakraborty, Udaya Kumar Vandana, Debayan Nandi, Lakkakula Satish, P.B. Mazumder
Climate change is one of the intensely discussed topics of the twenty-first century. Global warming, as well as certain, unbalances in various biogeo-chemical cycles are a few of the reasons for these global environmental changes. With the advancements in technology, global energy requirements have rapidly increased. To satisfy the energy needs of the world, a large number of petroleum-derived products are used. However, the combustion of such fossil fuels acts as a potent emitter of toxic substances and greenhouse gases that have many adverse effects in the environment such as pollution, greenhouse gases effect, and the global environmental changes (Ho et al., 2013). In addition, heavy metal accumulation in the environment is also a major problem in the present time. Although some of them act as co-factor for various metabolic activities in living beings. All metals can reveal adverse impact at increasing concentrations, and the injuriousness of respective metal depends upon the quantity provided to the organisms, the intake of dosage, mode of absorption, and the period of exposure time (Ojuederie and Babalola, 2017). This calls for an urgent need for the removal of such products from the environment.
Exergy analysis of fusel oil as an alternative fuel additive for spark ignition engines
Published in Biofuels, 2023
Süleyman Üstün, Battal Doğan, Derviş Erol
Incomplete combustion occurs in internal combustion engines because a sufficient amount of oxygen is not taken into the cylinder, and CO and HC emissions occur among the combustion products [40,43]. Among the exhaust emissions, CO and HC represent incomplete combustion and have harmful effects on human health [70]. As Figure 5 shows, CO emissions decrease as the engine speed increases. Moreover, CO emissions decrease with increasing proportions of fusel oil added to gasoline. The reason for this decrease in CO emission obtained in fuels with fusel oil additives is the presence of oxygen in the fusel oil. CO emission primarily depends on the amount of oxygen taken into cylinders [71]. Furthermore, fusel oil contains fewer C atoms than gasoline does [72]. Therefore, the lower total amount of C atoms in the blend compared with gasoline was interpreted as one of the reasons for decreased CO emissions [40].
Simulation of the effects of dilution gas for the formation of CJ plane during the oblique detonation
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2023
In most propulsion systems, combustion plays an important role. There are two types of combustion processes: deflagration and detonation [1]. Detonation is generally regarded as a highly efficient method of combustion. The potential advantage in thermodynamic cycle efficiency is the primary reason driving people’s interest in developing engines employing detonation processes Detonation engines, such as oblique detonation wave engine (ODWE), pulse detonation engine (PDE), and continuous rotating detonation (CRD), are a type of engine that uses a detonation wave to combust fuel and produce power. These engines are known for their high efficiency and power-to-weight ratio, but they can be challenging to design and operate due to the high temperatures and pressures involved in the detonation process. They are typically used in military and aerospace applications but have not yet been widely adopted for use in more general-purpose applications due to these challenges. The ODWEs, PDEs, and CRDs are all examples of engines that utilize high-energy combustion processes to convert the chemical energy of a fuel into useful work. PDEs use intermittent detonation waves, while CRDs use a continuous rotating detonation wave. These engines can be highly efficient, but they can be difficult to design and operate due to the complex dynamics of the detonation process. This is due to the high temperatures and pressures involved. They are typically used in specialized applications, such as military aircraft and missiles, where high performance is required [2].
An experimental investigation on performance of converted CNG engine by varying piston bowl geometry: A case study
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2022
Quoc Dang Tran, Tam Thanh Tran, Vinh Nguyen Duy
Ideally, converting a gasoline engine to a CNG engine is more manageable than a diesel engine. The original spark ignition system can ignite the CNG/air mixture without changing engine parameters (Sarkar and Bhattacharyya 2012). However, a converted CNG engine from gasoline engines does not take full advantage of natural gas characteristics with high-octane numbers. In addition, the low density of natural gas is the leading cause of the low power; its power is low even under stoichiometric operation (Tahir et al. 2015; Yang et al. 2017). As previously mentioned, the conversion of the diesel engine to operating by natural gas fuel is more attractive and suitable to the condition in Vietnam. In this research, the technical method to ignite the mixture of natural gas/air was spark ignition. The spark plug superseded the location of the diesel injector, and the CNG injector was inserted in the intake pipe. There are two parameters affecting combustion efficiency: combustion chamber geometry and compression ratio (Wang et al. 2019). Ordinarily, the cylinder head of the diesel engine is flat, so the combustion chamber geometry musters up all piston heads. Additionally, the combustion processes influence the inside and outside of bowl combustion by generating squish phenomena (Johansson and Olsson 1995; Kaplan 2019; Martinez et al. 2017).