China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Coating Protection
Published in Karan Sotoodeh, Coating Application for Piping, Valves and Actuators in Offshore Oil and Gas Industry, 2023
Fire is the most common major accident in process plants, as illustrated in Figure 3.17. Fire requires three elements: fuel, heat and oxygen. Fire is very hazardous in industrial plants, as it can produce live flames, sparks and hot objects that may interact with chemicals that have the potential for ignition or that can intensify the fire such that it becomes large and uncontrolled. There are five classes of fire based on types of fuel: Class A: Fuel includes ordinary combustibles like wood, paper, plastic or anything that leaves ash;Class B: Fuels include petroleum, oil, paint or flammable gasses;Class C: Fuel is the ignition of electrical components like motors;Class D: Fuel includes combustible materials like potassium, sodium, aluminum, etc.;Class K: Fuels include cooking oils and greases such as animal and vegetable fats.
Fire extinguishers
Published in E. Scott Dunlap, Motor Carrier Safety, 2020
This concept teaches the fire extinguisher user the elements necessary to sustain combustion. The “fire triangle” is an illustration used to demonstrate that fire requires three items for combustion to continue: (1) oxygen, (2) heat, and (3) fuel. To extinguish fire, it is necessary to remove one of the three items. Once this is accomplished, the fire is extinguished. Oxygen is removed when the fire is “smothered” (e.g., by throwing dirt on a campfire or when individuals “stop, drop, and roll” when their clothes are on fire). Heat is removed from a fire by applying water, as the fire is extinguished when the temperature has dropped below a certain level. Forest fires are often fought by removing fuel from the fire. Firefighters may move ahead of the path of the fire and create a “fire break” by cutting down trees or raking away leaves and loose wood.
Health and safety in the refinishing workshop
Published in Julian Woodstock, A Practical Guide to Vehicle Refinishing, 2019
All fire extinguishers nowadays are red, but the contents are indicated by a coloured label. The following table shows the colour of the label, the contents, and what type of fire the extinguisher can and cannot be used on: Types of fireClass A combustible materials (solid material fires)Class B flammable liquids (paint, thinners, etc.)Class C flammable gases (acetylene, liquefied petroleum gas, etc.)Class D flammable metals (lithium, potassium)Electrical fires (Computers, electrical equipment, etc.)Class F deep fat fryers (cooking oil fires)
Application of Inorganic Solidified Foam to Control the Coexistence of Unusual Methane Emission and Spontaneous Combustion of Coal in the Luwa Coal Mine, China
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2020
Zhaojun Tian, Yi Lu, Shimin Liu, Shiliang Shi, He Li, Qing Ye
According to the COCT (coal-oxygen complex theory), oxygen plays a vital role in igniting spontaneous combustion. (Lu, 2017; Qi et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2016) The spontaneous combustion of coal is due to the heat produced by the exothermic reaction between coal and oxygen permeating through the mining fractures. (Banka et al., 2016; Lu and Qin, 2015a) Any fire requires three elements to propagate: fuel, oxygen, and a source of heat. If any one of the three sides of the fire triangle is removed, a fire cannot continue to burn. Oxygen removal depends on either the introduction of an inert gas or the isolation of the fire zone from sources of fresh air. If the air leakage can be sealed, the fire may eventually be extinguished after a long time.
Prediction of spontaneous coal combustion tendency using multinomial logistic regression
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Nilufer Kursunoglu, Maruf Gogebakan
A fire triangle is depicted in Figure 3, demonstrating the combustion process which needs three components, i.e., heat, fuel and oxygen. Fire does not occur if any of these components are removed. The fuel may contain gases, liquids or solids. The gases and liquids may be included in the mine atmosphere through mining processes, naturally or generated by heating solid materials [53].